高炉炉体冷却壁渣皮物相特征及综合调控技术  

Phase characteristics and comprehensive regulation technology of slag crust on cooling staves of BF body

作　　者：马恒保 张建良[2] MA Hengbao;ZHANG Jianliang(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243032,Anhui,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学冶金工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《钢铁》2024年第12期49-57,110,共10页Iron and Steel

摘　　要：炉腰、炉腹及炉身下部区域是高炉高效长寿运行的限制环节之一,形成稳定的渣皮是保障该区域冷却壁运行安全的关键。为了探明渣皮的本质特征,首先通过多座高炉解剖及冷却壁破损调查,获得了炉腰、炉腹及炉身下部区域的渣皮试样,其次通过XRF、XRD及SEM-EDS等分析方法研究了渣皮的成分、物相组成及微观形貌的演变规律,并基于渣皮的成分特征建立了渣皮的类别体系,重点比较了不同炉容和不同冷却壁材质下高炉炉体冷却壁渣皮的物相及形貌特征,最后制定了冷却壁渣皮调控措施。结果表明,冷却壁渣皮主要分为2大类,以渣铁成分为主的冷却壁渣皮和以有害元素ZnO、碳为主的有害元素黏结物,其中,有害元素黏结物热稳定性差,易于脱落,不利于冷却壁运行安全;渣皮中渣相的碱度随着高度下降先增加后降低,同一冷却壁材质下不同炉容高炉冷却壁渣皮的成分差异不大,而不同冷却壁材质高炉炉体渣皮相差较大;铜冷却壁渣皮存在明显分层结构,其渣相成分呈现高铝低镁渣系特征,主要析出相为钙铝黄长石相(Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7)),而铸铁冷却壁渣皮无分层结构,Al_(2)O3和MgO含量略低于高炉渣,主要析出相为Ca_(3)MgSi_(2)O_(8);最后明确炉体冷却壁渣皮的形成调控应从边缘煤气流温度及渣相成分等方面采取操作措施,以保障冷却壁表面挂渣的结晶动力学条件,为高炉炉体冷却壁长寿运行提供理论基础。The bosh,belly and lower part of the shaft the furnace body area is one of the limitations of efficient and longevity operation of the blast furnace,the formation of a stable slag crust is the key to ensuring the safety of the cooling stave operation in this area.In order to explore the essential characteristics of slag crust,firstly,the slag crust samples were obtained from the bosh,belly and lower part of the shaft through the anatomy and the investigation of cooling stave breakage in several blast furnaces.Secondly,the phase composition and microstructure evolution of the slag crust were studied through analysis methods such as XRF,XRD,and SEM-EDS.Based on the compositional characteristics of slag crust,a category system of slag crust was established,focusing on comparing the phase and morphological characteristics of cooling stave slag crust of blast furnace with different volumes and different cooling stave materials.Finally,the cooling stave slag crust regulation measures were formulated.The results show that the cooling stave slag crust can be mainly divided into two categories,the slag crust mainly composed of slag-iron and the harmful element binder mainly composed of ZnO and carbon.Among them,harmful element binders have poor thermal stability and are prone to detachment,which is not conducive to the safe operation of the cooling stave.The basicity of the slag in the slag crust first increases and then decreases with the decrease of height.The composition of cooling stave slag crust of blast furnace with different capacity under the same cooling stave material does not differ much,while the difference of slag crust of blast furnace body with different cooling stave materials is large.The copper stave slag crust has a clear layered structure,and its slag composition shows the characteristics of high aluminum and low magnesium slag system,the main precipitation phase is Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7).While the cast iron stave slag crust has no layered structure,the content of Al_(2)O3 and MgO is slightly lower than

关 键 词：高炉 炉体冷却壁 长寿 渣皮 调控 

分 类 号：TF5[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]