国家创业生态系统演化如何影响就业岗位创造?——基于全球创业观察的动态QCA分析  

How Does the Evolution of National Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Affect Job Creation:Conducting Dynamic QCA Based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

作　　者：李佳馨 谢智敏 蔡冬青 LI Jiaxin;XIE Zhimin;CAI Dongqing(School of Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 21189,China;School of Management,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China;School of Economics,Nanjing University of Posts and Elecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院,江苏南京211189 [2]南京邮电大学管理学院,江苏南京210003 [3]南京邮电大学经济学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《人口与经济》2025年第1期106-123,共18页Population & Economics

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“数字文旅产业创新生态系统的形成机理与实施路径”(2023SJYB0117);江苏省社科应用研究精品工程社会教育(社科普及)重点项目“老龄化进程中江苏老年人学习参与状况与影响因素实证分析”(24SJA-01)。

摘　　要：就业是民生之本和发展之基。通过创业带动就业是促进岗位创造的重要途径。国家创业生态系统演化如何影响就业岗位创造是创业研究亟待回答的问题。运用创业生态系统理论框架和多时段fsQCA方法,对2001—2020年参与全球创业观察的114个国家划分四个时期进行多时段定性比较分析,从要素层面上探究哪些创业生态系统要素较为稳定地出现和共演化?以及从组态层面上,探究什么样的国家创业生态系统能够稳定地驱动高就业岗位创造?研究发现:创业生态系统下的单个要素均不构成高/非高就业岗位创造的必要条件,但是开放的市场和良好的基础设施的组合在产生高就业岗位创造上发挥着较为普适的作用,并在共生中实现共演化;对于四个不同时期,分别识别出2种、2种、2种和3种可以产生高就业岗位创造的创业生态系统。此外,区分了不同类型经济体,发现缺乏政府扶持和缺乏基础设施是导致欠发达经济体非高就业岗位创造的稳定因素,这表明政府的帮扶对于欠发达经济体发展就业至关重要,同时出现了相对稳定的产生欠发达经济体非高就业岗位创造的创业生态系统,体现为仅具备良好的市场开放度和文化社会规范,缺乏其他生态要素的扶持。而对于发达经济体,创业教育对产生高就业岗位创造的重要性随着时间的推移逐渐降低。Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood and development.Promoting employment through entrepreneurship is an important way to create new jobs.How the national entrepreneurial ecosystems and their evolution affect job creation is a critical question that needs to be answered in entrepreneurship research.Using the framework of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the multi-period fsQCA method,this study divides the 114 countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor from 2001 to 2020 into four periods for multi-period qualitative comparative analysis to explore which entrepreneurial ecosystem elements are relatively stable and co-evolve in the context of job creation?And from the perspective of configuration,what types of national entrepreneurial ecosystems can stably drive high job creation?The research finds that:1)None of the individual elements in entrepreneurial ecosystem is necessary for creating high/non high job creation.However,the combination of open markets and good infrastructure plays a relatively universal role in producing high job creation,which achieves co-evolution in symbiosis.2)This study identifies 2,2,2,and 3 types of entrepreneurial ecosystems that can generate high job creation in the four periods respectively.Additionally,this article distinguishes different types of economies and finds that the lack of government support and poor infrastructure are stable factors that lead to non-high job creation in underdeveloped economies.This indicates that government support is crucial for the employment development of underdeveloped economies.At the same time,there is a relatively stable entrepreneurial ecosystem leading to non-high job creation in underdeveloped economies,characterized by well open markets and well cultural and social norms,lacking support from other ecological elements.For developed economies,the importance of entrepreneurship education for leading to high job creation decreases over time gradually.

关 键 词：创业生态系统 高就业岗位创造 多时段定性比较分析 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]