基因组时代的物种形成研究  

Speciation studies in the genomic era

作　　者：王则夫 刘建全[2] Zefu Wang;Jianquan Liu(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems,College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生态与环境学院,林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]兰州大学生态学院,草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《遗传》2025年第1期71-100,共30页Hereditas(Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32301411,31590821,91731301);江苏省自然科学基金项目(编号:BK20230394)资助。

摘　　要：自达尔文时代起,物种形成便是演化生物学研究领域的核心科学问题之一。物种形成研究有助于人们深入理解生物多样性的形成过程,为其保护提供坚实基础。由于很多物种的演化历程十分复杂,使得物种形成研究充满了各种挑战。近年来,随着基因组测序与分析等技术的不断发展,物种形成研究领域进展迅速。本文综述了基因组时代的物种形成研究,从物种界定、二歧式物种分化、杂交物种形成、多倍化物种形成、生殖隔离基因、物种形成基因等方面,重点对相关概念进行了区分,并回顾了相关研究方法、对其特点与局限性等进行了探讨;最后,对物种形成研究的未来发展趋势与挑战进行了展望。Since Darwin’s era,speciation has been one of the most central issues in evolutionary biology studies.Understanding the processes of species origin is crucial in deepening our understanding of the formation of species biodiversity,which is essential for their protections.However,speciation research has been challenging due to the rather complex evolutionary histories of many extant species.In recent years,with the continuous advancements in genomic sequencing techniques,significant advances have been achieved in the field of speciation researches.In this review,we overview speciation study advances,especially in the concepts and latest developments in research methods for studying speciation in the genomic era,encompassing the major research aspects:species delimitation,bifurcating speciation,hybrid speciation,polyploid speciation,reproductive isolation genes and speciation genes.Furthermore,we discuss the limitations of these studies and methods.Finally,we provide the outlook on the future challenges and directions in speciation researches.

关 键 词：物种形成 基因组学 研究方法 研究进展 未来展望 

分 类 号：Q111.21[生物学—普通生物学]