生物炭对土壤中有效态铅的原位钝化与机理研究  

Immobilization and Mechanisms of Biochar on Available Lead in Soil

作　　者：郭林 赵钰 于福荣 刘鹏 王小娟 唐金平 GUO Lin;ZHAO Yu;YU Furong;LIU Peng;WANG Xiaojuan;TANG Jinping(Henan Academy of Geology,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Institute of Geological Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Remediation in Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450001,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;College of Geosciences and Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省地质研究院,河南郑州450001 [2]河南省地质科学研究所有限公司,河南郑州450001 [3]河南省地下水污染防治与修复重点实验室,河南郑州450001 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [5]华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期96-102,共7页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：河南省地矿局地质环境项目(豫地环〔2021〕2号);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803600)。

摘　　要：有色冶炼场地土壤中铅污染现象较为普遍,含铅土壤对场地的再开发利用和周边生态环境均造成威胁。为降低土壤中有效态铅的释放与迁移效率,选用麸皮、竹子、杨木和杨木锯末为原材料制备4种生物炭,采用添加石灰石粉末与生物炭复配的方法对土壤进行原位钝化研究,并利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和X射线近边结构光谱等技术研究生物炭钝化剂对稳定土壤中有效态铅的机理。结果表明:①4种生物炭均能有效抑制土壤中有效态铅的释放。其中,5%投加量的杨木锯末生物炭对土壤中有效态铅的稳定化效率最高,达到72.27%。②石灰石粉末能够进一步提高土壤中有效态铅的稳定性,投加量分别为5%和4%的杨木锯末生物炭与石灰石粉末对土壤中有效态铅的稳定化率均保持在90%以上,并在90 d的养护时间内持续有效。③添加杨木锯末生物炭和石灰石粉末能促进Pb(OH)_(2)、Pb_(3)(CO_(3))_(2)(OH)_(2)等稳定铅沉淀物质的生成,从而降低土壤中铅的活性。Lead(Pb)contamination in the soil at non-ferrous smelting sites is a widespread issue,posing significant challenges to site redevelopment and the surrounding ecological environment.To mitigate the mobility and bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils,this study investigated the in-situ passivation effects of four types of biochar derived from bran,bamboo,poplar,and poplar sawdust.Biochars were applied in combination with limestone powder,and their stabilization efficacy was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectroscopy.The results indicated that:①All four biochars effectively inhibited the release of bioavailable lead in soil,with poplar sawdust biochar achieving the highest stabilization efficiency at 72.27% with a 5% application rate.②The addition of limestone powder further enhanced the stabilization of lead,with a combined application of 5% poplar sawdust biochar and 4% limestone powder maintaining a stabilization rate above 90% over 90 days.③XANES linear fitting analysis revealed that the combined application promoted the formation of stable lead precipitates such as Pb(OH)_(2) and Pb 3(CO_(3))_(2)(OH)_(2),thereby reducing lead bioavailability in the soil.

关 键 词：土壤 有效态铅 生物炭 原位钝化 同步辐射 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]