风速对低凹露天矿装载扬尘扩散和质量浓度影响研究  

Influence of Wind Speed on Dust Diffusion and Mass Concentration in Low-concave Open-Pit Mines

作　　者：蒋玉文 柯丽华[1,2] 张光权 余晓轲 贺振祥 黄兆云 JIANG Yuwen;KE Lihua;ZHANG Guangquan;YU Xiaoke;HE Zhenziang;HUANG Zhaoyun(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430081,China;Hubei Province Research Center of Industrial Safety Engineering Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430081,China;Hubei Jingshen Security Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430081 [2]湖北省工业安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430081 [3]湖北景深安全技术有限公司,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2025年第1期186-193,共8页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：湖北省安全生产专项项目(SJZX20211004)。

摘　　要：为了降低低凹露天矿装载扬尘对作业人员职业健康的不利影响和制定有效的降尘措施,基于气固两相流理论,采用欧拉-拉格朗日模型,利用Fluent数值模拟软件,探究了不同风速对低凹露天矿临近边帮处装载扬尘扩散和质量浓度分布的影响。研究结果表明:风流经过台阶后发生流动分离,形成了低速湍流区、逆时针结构漩涡和车厢内顺时针小漩涡,使露天矿-12 m水平采装工作面和矿车车厢附近的流场结构非常复杂;随着风速的增加,装载扬尘在车厢里的聚集时间缩短,装载扬尘扩散速率增大,沿X轴扩散污染影响的距离增加,结构漩涡内聚集的最大扬尘质量浓度明显降低,车厢内扬尘质量浓度高于100 mg/m3,在呼吸带高度处的扬尘质量浓度沿程递减,且扬尘质量浓度降低幅度减小。根据数值模拟结果和职业接触限值8 mg/m3,确定装载扬尘污染影响较严重的区域为车头前方15 m以内,并制定了采用雾炮车、洒水车降尘和配备防护装备等措施,获得了较好的除尘效果。In order to reduce the adverse effects of loading dust on the occupational health of workers in low-concave open-pit mines and formulate effective dust reduction measures,based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow,the Euler-Lagrange model and Fluent numerical simulation software were used to explore the influence of different wind speeds on the diffusion and mass concentration distribution of loading dust near the side slope of low-concave open-pit mines.The results show that the flow separation occurs after the airflow passes through the steps,forming a low-speed turbulent zone,a counterclockwise structural vortex and a clockwise small vortex in the carriage,which makes the flow field structure near the-12 m horizontal mining working face and the carriage of the open-pit mines very complicated.With the increase of wind speed,the aggregation time of loading dust in the carriage is shortened,the diffusion rate of loading dust is increased,the distance of diffusion pollution effect along the X-axis is increased,and the maximum dust mass concentration aggregated in the structural vortex is significantly reduced.The dust mass concentration in the carriage is higher than 100 mg/m~3,and the dust mass concentration at the height of the respiratory zone decreases along the way,and the decrease of dust mass concentration is reduced.According to the numerical simulation results and the occupational exposure limit of 8 mg/m~3,the area of the dust pollution is determined to be within 15 m in front of the front of the car.Measures are formulated such as using fog gun trucks,sprinkler trucks and equipping protective equipment,and good dust removal effect is obtained.

关 键 词：低凹露天矿 采装作业 扬尘质量浓度 气固两相流 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]