唐前期监察考课制度安排与护民政策考量  

The Structure of Supervision and Merit System and Policy Considerations of Protecting Peasants in the Early Tang Dynasty

作　　者：刘玉峰[1] LIU Yu-feng(School of History,Shandong University,Jinan,250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史学院

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2025年第1期152-161,共10页Social Sciences in Yunnan

摘　　要：唐朝前期,通过皇帝颁诏、均田制、户婚律等立法制度规制,唐王朝确立实施了保护广大均田农户农民的劝农务本国家政策,以根本上维护王朝国家政权统治。为了切实落实这一国策,唐王朝还对京司及地方诸官司施政履职和官吏政绩制定了四项监察考课制度,具体有朝廷御史台监察制度、分道遣使巡察制度、州司对县司和县司内部监察考课制度、尚书省吏部总负责功过行能考课制度。这四项监察考课制度以律令诏敕等作出规制安排,各有侧重,相互配合,通过纠弹施政违法和黜陟官吏,根本目的也是维护国家政权统治,但其中包含着保护广大均田农户农民的明确政策考量,在实际上有益于农户农民,应当予以肯定。当然,由于唐朝帝制封建等级性阶级社会本质使然,也不能过高评价其实际益处。In the early Tang Dynasty,through legislative systems such as imperial edicts,land equalization system,and regulations of“Hu”and“Hun”(family and marriage),the Tang Dynasty established and implemented a national policy to protect the farmers of the equal land system,with the fundamental aim of maintaining the rule of the imperial state.To effectively implement this national policy,the Tang Dynasty also set up four systems of supervision and evaluation for the governance and performance of officials in the capital and local administrations.These included the Court Censorate Supervision System,the System of Sending Inspectors on Missions by Divisions,the System of Supervision and Evaluation by Provincial and County Offices,and the System of Comprehensive Responsibility for Merit and Performance Evaluation by the Ministry of Personnel in the Department of the Secretariat.These four systems of supervision and evaluation were regulated through laws,edicts,and decrees,each with its own focus and complementary functions.By investigating administrative violations and evaluating officials,their fundamental goal was also to maintain state power and governance.However,they also contained explicit policy considerations aimed at protecting the peasants of the equal land system.In practice,these policies benefited the peasants and should be recognized positively.Due to the nature of the Tang Dynasty’s imperial feudal hierarchical society,the actual benefits of these policies cannot be overestimated.

关 键 词：唐朝前期 监察制度 考课制度 政策考量 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]