饲料中添加褐藻多糖对鲫急性氨氮胁迫的缓解效应研究  

Study on Alleviating Effect of Dietary Brown Algae Polysaccharide on Acute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress of Crucians

作　　者：胡雅菲 郝玲 杨慧轩 宋晶[1] HU Yafei;HAO Ling;YANG Huixuan;SONG Jing(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Shanxi Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第2期72-83,共12页Feed Industry

基　　金：山西省“1331工程”重点学科建设计划[J201911306]。

摘　　要：水体中高浓度氨氮会影响鱼类的生长、发育以及生存,并使组织受到损伤。试验研究幼鲫在饲喂不同浓度的褐藻多糖后,其生存水质、生长性能及抗氨氮能力的变化。试验分别用添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的褐藻多糖的饲料饲喂幼鲫90 d,每隔30 d用不同浓度的NH_(4)Cl急性攻毒96 h。结果发现:添加2.0%褐藻多糖组的pH、氨氮含量和亚硝酸盐含量要明显低于其他组,可见在饲料中添加褐藻多糖可以减少幼鲫氨氮的排出,从而改善水质。在添加褐藻多糖0.5%、1.0%、2.0%情况下,以160 mg/L攻毒时,各时间点的死亡都发生滞后至48 h,其余各浓度均在24 h死亡80%以上,32 h全部死亡。60 d时2.0%褐藻多糖组与对照组相比特定生长率(SGR)显著减小(P<0.05),90 d时,1.0%、2.0%褐藻多糖组与对照组相比SGR显著减小(P<0.05),表明饲喂褐藻多糖对幼鲫的生长性能没有提高作用。组织病理学研究显示:攻毒后,高NH_(4)Cl浓度组鳃丝和鳃小片出现不同程度损伤,各组的肠绒毛长度均未表现出明显差异,肝、肾组织未出现明显的病理变化。16S测序技术研究,1.0%、2.0%褐藻多糖组变形菌门的丰度显著降低(P<0.05),梭杆菌门菌群显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加褐藻多糖可以减少幼鲫氨氮排出改善水环境,缓解幼鲫受到氨氮胁迫的组织损伤,提高机体抗氧化能力,改善肠道菌群。High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in water can affect the growth,development and survival,and cause tissue damage of fishes.This experiment was conducted to the changes of living water quality,growth performance and ammonia nitrogen resistance ability of juvenile crucians.The crucians were fed with brown algae polysaccharide feeds at different concentrations(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%)for 90 d,acute toxicity experiment with different concentrations of NH_(4)Cl for 96 h every 30 d.The results showed that the pH,NH_(3)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N of the 2.0%brown algae polysaccharide group were significantly lower than other groups,so this proper additive can improve water quality of aquaculture according to reduce juvenile crucian NH_(3)^(+)-N discharge.In 0.5%,1.0%and 2.0%brown algae polysaccharide groups,the death rate at each time point was delayed to 48 h at 160 mg/L,and the death rate at other ammonia concentrations was more than 80%at 24 h,and all died at 32 h.At 60 d,the 2.0%brown algae polysaccharide group had a significant reduction in specific growth rate(SGR)compared with the control group(P<0.05),at 90 d,the 1.0%and 2.0%brown algae polysaccharide groups had a significant reduction in SGR compared with the control group(P<0.05),indicating that feeding brown algae polysaccharide couldn't improve the growth performance of juvenile crucians.Histopathological studie showed that gill filaments and gill lamellae were severely damaged in the high NH_(4)Cl concentration group,there were no significant difference in the length of intestinal villi among the groups,and there were no obvious pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues.It showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly decreased and Fusobacteria was significantly increased in the 1.0%and 2.0%brown algae polysaccharide groups(P<0.05)by 16S enteric microbes sequencing.In conclusion,adding brown algae polysaccharides to feed can reduce the excretion of ammonia nitrogen in juvenile crucians,improve the water environment,alleviate tissue damage c

关 键 词：鲫 褐藻多糖 急性氨氮胁迫 组织学 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]