体力活动经年变化对中老年人体质健康和心血管代谢风险的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的数据分析  

Effects of Changes in Physical Activity over Years on Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-aged and Older Adults:Evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

作　　者：赵晓光 刘冬雪 王进[1] 张洪军[2] ZHAO Xiaoguang;LIU Dongxue;WANG Jin;ZHANG Hongjun(School of P.E.,Ningbo Univ.,Ningbo 315211,China;Liaoning Finance and Trade College,Xingcheng 125105,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]辽宁财贸学院体育学院,辽宁兴城125105

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2025年第1期56-64,共9页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BTY039)。

摘　　要：目的:探究体力活动经年变化对中老年人体质健康和心血管代谢风险的影响,以期为体力活动促进健康老龄化提供科学依据。方法:本研究共纳入2831名中老年人受试者,使用体力活动问卷调查他们的体力活动情况,并根据4年间的体力活动变化情况将其分为持续活跃组(AA组,n=1367)、开始活跃组(IA组,n=455)、开始不活跃组(AI组,n=553)和持续不活跃组(II组,n=456)。使用呼气流量峰值、握力、2.5米步行时间和5次坐椅站立测试来反映体质健康水平。通过测量身体质量指数、腰围、血压、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(Glu)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)来反映心血管代谢风险。结果:(1)AA组、IA组和AI组的呼气流量峰值、2.5米步行时间和5次坐椅站立均优于II组(P<0.05),AA组的所测体质健康指标值全部优于AI组(P<0.05),未观测到IA组和AI组的体质健康指标有显著差异;(2)AA组的腰围、收缩压、HDL-C、LDL-C和Glu测量值优于II组(P<0.05),AI组的腰围、LDL-C和Glu测量值优于II组(P<0.05),未发现任何心血管代谢风险指标在IA组与II组之间有统计学差异;3)体力活动经年变化是心血管代谢指标聚集的独立影响因素。AA组中老年人心血管代谢指标聚集的风险低于II组(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.42-0.83,P<0.05)。结论:(1)体力活动持续活跃有助于中老年人保持较高的体质健康水平和较低的心血管代谢风险;(2)体力活动由不活跃到开始活跃后,中老年人体质健康各项指标全面改善,但心血管代谢风险指标变化不显著;(3)体力活动由活跃到开始不活跃后,由于前期体力活动促健康效应的存续,虽然中老年人体质健康水平开始下降以及心血管代谢风险增加,但都明显优于持续不活跃者。The objective of this study was to explore the effects of changes in physical activity over years on physical health and cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged and older adults,and to provide scientific basis for physical activity to promote healthy aging of population.A total of 2831 middle-aged and older adults were included in this study.Physical activity questionnaire was used to investigate physical activity,and the subjects were divided into a continuously active group(AA group,n=1367),a newly active group(IA group,n=455),a newly inactive group(AI group,n=553)and a continuously inactive group(II group,n=456)according to the changes in physical activity over 4 years.Physical fitness was measured using peak expiratory flow,grip strength,2.5-m walking time,and 5 repeated chair stands test.Body mass index,waist circumference,blood pressure,triglycerides(TG),glucose(Glu),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were measured to reflect participants’cardiometabolic risk.It could be seen that the peak expiratory flow,2.5-m walking time and 5 repeated chair stands test in AA,IA and AI groups were all better than those in group II(P<0.05),and the measured physical health indicators in group AA were all better than those in group AI(P<0.05),and no statistical difference was found in physical health indicators between groups IA and AI.Waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,HDL-C,LDL-C and Glu in AA group were better than those in II group(P<0.05),and waist circumference,LDL-C and Glu in AI group were significantly better than those in II group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were found between groups IA and II in any cardiometabolic risk indicators.The change of physical activity over years is an independent factor influencing the cardiometabolic factors clustering.The risk of cardiometabolic factors clustering in the AA group was lower than those in the II group(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.42-0.83,P<0.05).It could be concluded that the middle-aged and older ad

关 键 词：中老年人 体力活动 体质健康 心血管代谢风险 心血管代谢指标聚集 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]