不同施肥措施对小麦-玉米轮作土壤温室气体排放和氮素运移的调控作用  

Regulation effect of fertilization technology on greenhouse gas emissions and soil nitrogen leaching in wheat-corn rotation system

作　　者：蒋嘉伟 张洁 张闪烁 杜思婕 吉艳芝 王琛 张丽娟 JIANG Jia-wei;ZHANG Jie;ZHANG Shan-shuo;DU Si-jie;JI Yan-zhi;WANG Chen;ZHANG Li-juan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang,Henan 453731,China;Henan Guangdian Metrology&Testing Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,河南新乡453731 [3]河南广电计量检测有限公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第1期48-62,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥措施对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤氮素运移和温室气体排放的影响,为降低小麦-玉米轮作体系温室气体排放与土壤氮素淋溶风险提供有效方法。【方法】2021—2023年在河北省辛集市连续开展3个轮作季的田间试验,小麦季试验以100%配方肥为对照(T),并设施用80%配方肥量(TM),以及推荐量下80%化肥养分+20%生物有机肥替代(TM+1)、TM+1配合6000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(TM+2)、TM+2配合15 kg/hm^(2)土壤结构调理剂(TM+3) 4个处理。玉米季各处理施肥量均相同。分析土壤温室气体(N_(2)O、CH_(4)、CO_(2))排放特征、增温潜势、剖面硝态氮运移与作物产量。【结果】不同施肥处理下耕层土壤温室气体排放通量的变化趋势较为一致。与T处理相比,TM处理的N_(2)O平均排放通量显著降低了35.31%(P<0.05);TM、TM+1、TM+2和TM+3处理之间CO_(2)平均排放通量无显著差异;TM、TM+1、TM+2、TM+3处理之间CH_(4)平均排放通量无显著差异(P>0.05)。与T处理相比,TM处理N_(2)O周年累计排放量显著降低了37.63%(P<0.05),CO_(2)累积排放量无显著变化(P>0.05);T、TM、TM+1、TM+2、TM+3处理的CH_(4)累积排放量均为负值。TM和TM+1处理较T处理的增温潜势分别显著降低了38.15%和16.25%(P<0.05)。TM、TM+1、TM+2、TM+3处理土壤硝态氮含量均在80—160 cm土层出现峰值,TM、TM+1、TM+2和TM+3处理0—100 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量相比T处理分别减少38.98%、26.05%、61.26%和28.13%,TM、TM+2、TM+3处理100—400 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量较T处理分别减少59.26%、18.03%、16.65%。3个轮作季中,TM+1和TM+2处理产量在第3季较T处理分别显著增加了9.63%和9.55%(P<0.05)。【结论】施用80%推荐配方肥,或者养分总量不降低条件下,以20%的生物有机肥替代化肥或20%的生物有机肥替代化肥添加土壤调理剂均降低了土壤N_(2)O气体排放强度和总量,但减排效果以降低养分投入的施用80%推荐配方肥【Objectives】This study investigated the impact of fertilization technologies on soil nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions in a wheat–corn rotation system,in order to provide an effective measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen loss in the wheat–corn rotation system in North China.【Methods】A three-year,six season field experiment was conducted in Xinji City,Hebei Province from 2021 to 2023.Of the five treatments,applying 100%amount of recommended fertilizer was control(T),applying 80%of the recommended fertilizer amount(TM),and at the base of recommended amount,replacing 20%of nutrient with bio-organic fertilizer(TM+1),TM+1 combined with 6000 kg/hm^(2) biochar(TM+2),and TM+2 combined with 15 kg/hm^(2) soil conditioner(TM+3).The amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment was the same in corn season.The soil greenhouse gas(N_(2)O,CH_(4),and CO_(2))emissions were monitored regularly across the third experimental year of the rotation system,global warming potential was calculated according to the monitoring results.After harvest of corn,0–400 cm soil profile was sampled at 100 cm interval to measure the nitrate nitrogen content,and wheat and corn yields were recorded every season.【Results】The trends in greenhouse gas emission fluxes from the cultivated layer of soil under different fertilization treatments were relatively consistent.Compared to treatment T,the average N_(2)O emission flux of treatment TM was significantly decreased by 35.31%(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the average CO_(2) emission flux among the TM,TM+1,TM+2,and TM+3 treatments;similarly;there was no significant difference in CH_(4) emission fluxes among the treatments(P>0.05).The annual cumulative N_(2)O emissions in TM treatment were significantly reduced by 37.63%compared to treatment T(P<0.05),with no significant difference in cumulative CO_(2) emissions(P>0.05);the cumulative CH_(4) emissions in T,TM,TM+1,TM+2,and TM+3 treatments were all negative values.The global warming potentia

关 键 词：小麦-玉米轮作 N_(2)O排放 CH_(4)排放 CO_(2)排放 氮素淋溶 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.1