纤维质量比对纤维多孔陶瓷复合材料性能的影响  

Effect of fiber quality ratio on the properties of fiber porous ceramic composites

作　　者：莫琛 向阳 罗萌 彭志航 文瑾[2] 刘平 李海龙 MO Chen;XIANG Yang;LUO Meng;PENG Zhihang;WEN Jin;LIU Ping;LI Hailong(College of Aerospace Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials,Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology,Loudi 417000,China;Xinxing Electronic Ceramics Co.,Ltd.,Loudi 417600,China;Rongrong New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073 [2]湖南人文科技学院精细陶瓷与粉体材料湖南省重点实验室,娄底417000 [3]湖南省新化县鑫星电子陶瓷有限责任公司,娄底417600 [4]上海榕融新材料技术有限责任公司,上海201306

出　　处：《粉末冶金材料科学与工程》2024年第6期477-485,504,共10页Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy

基　　金：湖南省自然基金资助项目(2023JJ50486);重点实验室基金项目(6142907230401);娄底市“材料谷”科技重大专项项目;精细陶瓷与粉体材料湖南省重点实验室开放基金项目。

摘　　要：纤维多孔陶瓷复合材料因其低密度、低热导率及相对较高的抗压强度,被广泛应用于飞行器的热防护领域。本研究采用氧化物纤维制备高效隔热材料,在不同烧结温度下制备不同纤维质量比(铝硅酸盐与超细石英纤维)的纤维多孔陶瓷复合材料,研究纤维质量比对材料微观结构和宏观性能的影响。引入X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)技术,对复合材料微观结构进行非破坏性表征,利用三维重构软件对材料结构进行交互式阈值分析,对纤维分布进行重构,并使用纤维追踪分析对纤维取向进行模拟。结果表明:烧结温度较低时(900~1000℃),随铝硅酸盐纤维含量增加,复合材料的密度增大,孔隙率受纤维质量比的影响较小,抗压强度逐渐降低。烧结温度为900℃,铝硅酸盐纤维质量分数为20%时,复合材料抗压强度为1.99 MPa;而铝硅酸盐纤维质量分数为45%时,抗压强度降至0.8 MPa。烧结温度为1200℃时,两种纤维的强度均出现较大损伤,导致复合材料的抗压强度降低。纤维在微区内的分布并不均匀,部分区域存在较大孔隙,这些区域为复合材料强度薄弱区,容易失效。Fiber porous ceramic composites are widely used in the field of thermal protection for aircraft due to their low density,low thermal conductivity,and relatively high compressive strength.This study used oxide fibers to prepare efficient thermal insulation materials,and prepared fiber porous ceramic composites with different fiber mass ratios(aluminosilicate and ultrafine quartz fibers)at different sintering temperatures.The influences of fiber mass ratio on the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the composites were investigated.X-ray computed tomography(X-CT)technology was introduced to achieve non-destructive characterization of the microstructure of composites.The interactive threshold analysis of the structure and the reconstruction of the fiber distribution were carried out by 3D reconstruction software,and fiber orientations were simulated using fiber tracking analysis.The results show that when the sintering temperature is relatively low(900-1000℃),as the content of aluminosilicate fibers increases,the density of the composites increases,and the porosity is less affected,the compressive strength of the composites gradually decreases.When the sintering temperature is 900℃ and the mass fraction of aluminosilicate fibers is 20%,the compressive strength of the composites is 1.99 MPa;when the mass fraction increases to 45%,the compressive strength decreases to 0.80 MPa.When the sintering temperature is 1200℃,significant damage occurrs to the strength of both fibers,resulting in a decrease in the compressive strength of the composites.The fiber distribution is not uniform in the micro area,and there are large pores in some areas,which are weak areas of strength and prone to failure.

关 键 词：航天领域 氧化物纤维 纤维多孔陶瓷复合材料 热防护 X-CT技术 

分 类 号：V214.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]