水稻机械直播深施肥开沟装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of deep fertilization ditching device for rice mechanical direct seeding

作　　者：赵勤儒 余佳佳[1,2] 陈雄飞 朱保雨[1,2] 刘木华 刘俊安 ZHAO Qinru;YU Jiajia;CHEN Xiongfei;ZHU Baoyu;LIU Muhua;LIU Jun’an(College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,江西南昌330045 [2]现代农业装备江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第6期1599-1609,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52165030);江西省农机装备应用产业技术体系(JXARS-21)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对南方稻区水稻机械直播深施肥开沟装置易缠草、施肥浅和堵塞肥料等问题,通过理论分析和试验研究,研制水稻机械直播深施肥开沟装置。【方法】基于开沟装置刃口曲线理论,分析并设计了圆函数、二次函数、指数函数刃口曲线的开沟器,研制了配套的深施肥开沟装置。为明确其撒施肥料的空间分布和防缠性能,开展台架试验,研究不同挡泥罩入土深度下,开展不同施肥深度中肥料含量百分比的规律研究;以开沟装置前进速度、秸秆数量和刃口曲线为自变量,以开沟器滑切秸秆概率和滑切距离为因变量,开展其防缠性能多因素试验。【结果】随着挡泥罩入土深度从2 cm增加至6 cm,施肥深度5~10 cm肥料含量百分比呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并确定挡泥罩最佳入土深度为4 cm;当开沟装置前进速度增大时,开沟器滑切秸秆概率增大,滑切距离减小;当稻田秸秆数量较多时,开沟器滑切秸秆概率减小,即防缠概率增大;相较于圆函数和指数函数刃口曲线,二次函数刃口曲线的开沟器滑切距离较小,随着前进速度增大,滑切距离降幅较小,即稳定性好,故二次函数刃口曲线开沟器结构最佳。【结论】研制的深施肥开沟装置可满足水稻直播同步深施肥的农艺要求,为水稻深施肥技术和装备研究提供参考。[Objective]In order to solve the problems of entanglement of grass,shallow fertilization and blockage of fertilizer in the deep fertilization ditching device of rice mechanical direct seeding in southern rice area,a deep fertilization ditching device for rice mechanical direct seeding was developed based on theoretical analysis and experimental research.[Method]Based on the theory of edge curve of ditching device,the ditchers with circular,quadratic and exponential function edge curves were analyzed and designed,and the matching deep fertilizer ditching device was developed.In order to clarify the spatial distribution and anti-tangling performance of spreading fertilizers,bench tests were conducted to study the percentage of fertilizer content in different fertilizer application depths under different soil depths of the mudguard;multifactorial tests were conducted on the anti-tangling performance with the advancing speed of the furrowing device,the number of straws and the cutting edge curve as the independent variables,and the probability of the furrow opener’s sliding cut straws and the distance of the sliding cuts as the dependent variables.[Result]With the increase of the depth of the mud cover from 2 cm to 6 cm,the percentage of fertilizer content in the depth of 5-10 cm showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the optimal soil depth of the mudguard was 4 cm;When the forward speed of the furrowing device increased,the probability of the furrow opener slip cutting the straw increased and the slip cutting distance decreased;when the number of straw in the paddy field was large,the probability of the furrow opener slip cutting the straw decreased and the probability of the anti-tangling increased;Compared with the circular function and exponential function edge curve,the sliding distance of the opener of the quadratic function edge curve was smaller.With the increase of the forward speed,the slip cutting distance decreased,which means that it is good in stability;therefore the quadratic func

关 键 词：水稻 机械直播 深施肥 刃口曲线 开沟装置 防缠性能 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]