刑事涉案财产处置中的实体法问题  

Substantial Legal Issues in the Process of Disposal of the Property In⁃volved in the Criminal Case

作　　者：时延安[1,2] Shi Yan’an

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2025年第1期138-149,239,共13页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD198)。

摘　　要：完善刑事涉案财产处置法律制度及机制,应从实体和程序两个方面进行分析、论证和设计。明晰涉案财产的法律属性,有利于明确刑事诉讼过程中不同情形下涉案财产处置的规范性质,进而有利于形成相应的法律规则,即为确保侦查活动顺利进行应完善针对涉案财物的强制措施,为确保刑事裁判能够充分、及时地执行应构建针对涉案财物的保全措施。处理涉案财产应维护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者犯罪人的合法财产权益,为此可以确定三条规则,即除违禁品之外的、排他性占有的财物,在法院作出刑事裁判前应推定占有合法;违法所得的计算应根据不法行为及其要件进行判断;追缴违法所得不得侵犯犯罪人的合法财产利益。为妥善处置刑事涉案财产,结合相关司法解释规定,涉案财产的处置次序应为:人身损害赔偿中的医疗费用,退赔被害人的损失,其他民事债务,违法所得追缴,供犯罪所用的本人财物,罚金,没收财产。To improve the legal system and mechanism of the disposal of property involved in criminal cases,we should analyze,demonstrate and design it from substantial and procedural perspectives.To clarify the legal nature of the property involved,is conducive to clear the normative characteristic and rules of disposing the property involved in different circumstances,namely,to perfect the legal system of coercive measures in order to ensure the investigation activities smoothly,and establish the legal system of property preservation before the action in order to ensure timely execution of criminal judgement.In the process of handling property involved in criminal cases,it should be to maintain the lawful property rights and interests of the criminal suspect or defendant or criminal.Therefore,three rules shall be determined:in addition to the contraband,exclusive possession of property,the property controlled by the criminal suspect or defendant is presumed as lawful before the court makes criminal judgment;the calculation of illegal income should be based on the illegal behavior and its elements;to recovered,confiscate the illegal income shall not infringe upon the lawful property interests of the criminal.In order to properly handle the property involved,according to the relevant judicial interpretation,the order of disposal of the property involved shall be:medical expenses in compensation for personal injury;the loss of the victim;other civil debts;recovery of illegal income;personal property used for crime;fine;confiscation of property.

关 键 词：涉案财产处置 对物强制措施 刑事保全 财产权益 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学]