宁南山区杏树开花与环境因子相关性调查研究  

Investigation on Correlation between Apricot Flowering and Environmental Factors in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia

作　　者：刘怡彤 李维倩 陈刚[1] 白阳阳 吴艳 蔡进军[1] Liu Yitong;Li Weiqian;Chen Gang;Bai Yangyang;Cai Jinjun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2024年第12期43-47,共5页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2021FDR05023);宁夏农林科学院对外科技合作专项项目(DW-X-2020002)。

摘　　要：杏树是宁夏南部山区开展生态建设的重要树种。近年来,由于当地区域性小气候的影响,花期冻害已成为宁南山区红梅杏生产中主要的气象灾害,这导致杏树减产甚至绝产。本文通过调查宁南山区8个不同杏树品种花期、育性及抗冻性,并对不同地形下杏树开花规律的影响进行研究,初步明确了不同海拔、坡向、坡位环境因子变化对杏树开花节律的影响。结果表明:宁南山区8个杏树品种中本地乡土树种“山杏”初花期最早,“围选1号”初花期最晚;“一窝蜂”有效花比例最高(48.8%),“山杏”最低(37.0%);“龙王帽”坐果率最高(19.9%),“山杏”最低(11.4%);“金太阳”冻害指数最高(74.25%),“山杏”最低(61.88%)。宁南山区杏树花期随着纬度南低北高的趋势,呈现南早北晚的规律性;海拔成为限制杏树开花坐果的首要因子。研究结果可为后续宁南山区杏树防冻措施探索及筛选抗冻晚花品种提供技术支撑。Apricot is an important tree for ecological construction in mountainous area of southern Ningxia.In recent years,due to the influence of small environment and local climate,freezing damage in flowering period has become the main meteorological disaster in the production of red plum apricot in mountainous area of southern Ningxia,which leads to the reduction or even the extinction of apricot production.By investigating the flowering time,fertility and frost resistance of 8 different varieties of apricot trees in mountainous area of southern Ningxia,and studying the effects of different terrain on the flowering regularity of apricot trees,the effects of different elevation,slope direction and slope position environmental factors on the flowering rhythm of apricot trees were preliminically clarified.The results showed that among the 8 apricot varieties in mountainous area of southern Ningxia,the initial flowering period of the native tree was the earliest,and the initial flowering period of"Weixuan No.1"was the latest.The proportion of effective flower of"Yiwofeng"was the highest(48.8%),apricot kernel was the lowest,only 37.0%.The fruit setting rate of"Longwangmao"was the highest(19.9%),apricot kernel was the lowest,only 11.4%.The frost damage index of"Jintaiyang"was the highest(74.25%),apricot kernel was the lowest,only 61.88%.The flowering period of apricot trees in mountainous area of southern Ningxia showed the regularity of early in the south and late in the north with the trend of lower in the south and higher in the north.Altitude has become the primary factor limiting the flowering and fruiting of apricot trees.The results can provide technical support for further exploration of frost prevention measures and screening of frost resistant late flower varieties of apricot trees in mountainous area of southern Ningxia.

关 键 词：宁南山区 杏树花期 杏树育性 抗冻性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]