十年来吉林省玉米审定品种主要病虫害分析  

Analysis on Main Diseases and Pests of Normal Maize Varieties Approved in Jilin Province in the Past 10 Years

作　　者：王振南[1] 路明[2] 苏义臣[2] 苏桂华[2] 王绍平[2] 岳尧海[2] WANG Zhennan;LU Ming;SU Yichen;SU Guihua;WANG Shaoping;YUE Yaohai(College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Maize Research Institute,Jilin Acad⁃emy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Maize(Changchun)/National Engineering Research Center for Maize(Jilin)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院/玉米国家工程实验室(长春)/国家玉米工程技术研究中心(吉林)/农业农村部东北中部玉米生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2024年第5期19-24,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学技术项目(JJKH20210346KJ)

摘　　要：病虫害是影响玉米生产的主要生物逆境,选育抗性玉米品种是防治病虫害最经济有效的方法。本研究对2012-2021年十年间吉林省审定的普通玉米品种的抗性进行分析,研究结果表明,从不同病虫害表现分析,玉米品种抗病虫害能力高低顺序为:抗茎腐病、抗玉米螟、抗穗腐病、抗灰斑病、抗丝黑穗病、抗弯孢菌叶斑病、抗大斑病;从不同熟期品种的表现来看,极早熟、早熟、中早熟、中熟、中晚熟和晚熟品种抗性级别达中抗以上的品种比例分别为62.1%、57.4%、49.3%、7.8%、5.4%和0.5%,极早熟、早熟和中早熟品种的总体抗性水平好于中熟、中晚熟和晚熟品种;从年度变化趋势分析,玉米品种整体抗性水平呈下降趋势,应引起广大育种者的重视。本研究明确了吉林省玉米品种十年来的主要病虫害的抗性水平,为今后品种选育、品种审定和品种推广提供参考依据,从而支撑我国玉米种业健康发展。Diseases have been major biological adversity affecting maize production.Breeding disease resistant varieties is the most economical,and effective for maize disease prevention.This study analyzed the disease resistance traits of ordinary maize varieties in Jilin Province from 2012 to 2021,including northern maize leaf blight,head smut,stalk rot,maize borer,Curvularia leaf spot,gray leaf spot and ear rot.The results showed that stalk rot,maize borer,ear rot,gray leaf spot,head smut,Curvularia leaf spot,and northern maize leaf blight were ranked from high to low in terms of resistance(R)with medium resistance(MR)or above.The varieties with extremely early maturity,early maturity and early-medium maturity,medium maturity,late-medium maturity and late maturity groups with MR or above accounted for 62.1%,57.4%,49.3%,7.8%,5.4%and 0.5%of the total.The disease-resistant level of maize varieties was relatively high in Extremely early maturity,Early maturity and Early-medium maturity groups.But the total disease resistance level of maize main diseases and pests was very poor.The general change tendency of disease resistance of maize varieties showed downward trend.The majority of breeders should attach great importance to the change tendency.This study clarified the main disease resistance level of maize test varieties in recent year in Jilin Province,and provides a reference for future variety breeding,validation,and promotion to help China's maize seed industry become greener.

关 键 词：2012-2021年 玉米 品种 抗性 选育 病虫害 

分 类 号：S513.037[农业科学—作物学]