论网络运营者的违法信息审查义务  

On the Network Operator's Obligation of Censoring Illegal Information

作　　者：王玎 Wang Ding

机构地区：[1]北京电子科技学院管理系,北京100070

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2024年第6期126-137,共12页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“网络运营者处理违法信息的行政法律责任研究”(项目编号:23CFX056)。

摘　　要：网络运营者承担违法信息审查义务的法律依据呈现低位阶化和领域化趋向,加重了网络运营者审查违法信息的责任。较之传统的治理范式,网络违法信息审查领域体现出从后果规制到风险规制、从刚性规制到弹性规制、从政府治理到协同治理、从结果责任到程序责任的范式变革。注意义务是网络运营者履行违法信息审查义务的核心,在维护私法利益方面,采用宽松的注意义务;而在维护公共利益方面,采用严格的注意义务。适用严格注意义务存在强度上的区别,应当根据违法信息的所属领域、形态以及网络运营者能够采取的手段等因素综合确定。在公法利益领域,并非出现未能识别发现违法信息的后果,网络运营者均需承担相关法律责任。只有妥当配置注意义务强度,才能明确界定网络运营者承担义务的边界和法律责任。The legal basis for network operators to undertake the obligation of reviewing illegal information has shown a trend towards low-level and domain oriented.On the one hand,low-level standardization refers to the content of both departmental regulations and administrative normative documents breaking through the scope of"information prohibited by laws and administrative regulations from being published or transmitted"in the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection and the Cybersecurity Law.On the other hand,territorialization refers to the provision in the"Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection"and the"Cybersecurity Law"to transfer the scope of illegal information that network operators need to fulfill their review obligations to various laws and administrative regulations in different fields.The trend towards low ranking and domain specialization has increased the responsibility of network operators to review illegal information.Compared with the governance paradigm in traditional fields,the field of online illegal information censorship reflects a paradigm shift from consequence regulation to risk regulation,from rigid regulation to flexible regulation,from government governance to collaborative governance,and from result responsibility to procedural responsibility.Firstly,in response to the high complexity and uncertainty of the risk society,the governance of online information has evolved from a consequence regulation paradigm to a risk regulation paradigm,fully utilizing risk prevention tools and becoming a necessary measure to cope with the risk society.Secondly,in the field of online content governance,most legal norms do not specify in detail the specific measures for network operators to review illegal information,but require network operators to fulfill their obligation to review illegal information,reflecting strong flexibility.Thirdly,with the arrival of a risk society,it is necessary to establish a collaborative governance and regulatory system that includes a wide ran

关 键 词：网络运营者 违法信息 注意义务 机器识别 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]