《金史》“开国前史”编撰考论  

A Study on the Writing of"Pre-founding History"in The History of Jin Dynasty

作　　者：常志浩 李玉君[1] Chang Zhihao;Li Yujun(School of History and Culture,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,Liaoning 116081)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学历史文化学院,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2024年第6期177-186,共10页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国古代北方游牧民族与中原农耕民族交融史研究”(项目编号:17ZDA177)。

摘　　要：女真“开国前史”是指金朝始祖至康宗十帝开创帝业的历史。自脱脱确定“各与正统”的编纂原则之后,追溯金朝正统来源成为《金史》编纂的重要目标之一。元代史臣的做法是从部族起源上承认金朝的正统性,将金朝始祖以下十帝的创业过程视为金朝正统的来源。从卷目上看,《金史》“开国前史”包含《世纪》《后妃传》(部分)、《始祖以下诸子传》、群雄传、异姓功臣传等六卷五个部分;从编次上看,除“杂传”外,《金史》也可划分为由“某帝纪”、“某帝诸子传”、“某帝群臣传”等组成的六个单元,“开国前史”为诸单元之首,照应了始祖至康宗开创帝业的过程。从撰作上看,囿于追溯金朝正统来源的需要,“开国前史”并未照录金朝原始文献,而是重构了女真与辽的关系,损害了《金史》的史料价值。Jurchen's"pre-founding history"refers to the history of ten emperors from Shizu to Kangzong,who founded the country.Since Tuotuo established an important compilation principle that every country must trace its legitimate origins,tracing the legitimate origins of the Jin Dynasty has become one of the key objectives in compiling The History of Jin Dynasty.Historians in the Yuan Dynasty recognized the legitimacy of the Jin Dynasty from its tribal origins,viewing the entrepreneurial journey of the ten emperors,including the founder of the Jin Dynasty,as the source of its legitimacy.According to the chapter table of contents,The History of the Jin Dynasty comprises six volumes and five parts,including Shiji,Houfei(partial),Shizuyixiazhuzi,Qunxiong,Yixinggongchen,among others.In terms of compilation order,excluding Zazhuan,The History of Jin Dynasty can also be divided into six units:"Annals of a certain Emperor","Biographies of various sons of a certain Emperor"and"Biographies of ministers of a certain Emperor"."Pre-founding history"tops these units,reflecting the process of founding the country by ten ancestors and others.In terms of writing,due to the necessity to trace the orthodox origins of the Jin Dynasty,"prefounding history"refrains from recounting the original documents of the Jin Dynasty and instead reconstructs the relationship between the Jurchen and Liao.This undermines the historical value of The History of Jin Dynasty.

关 键 词：《金史》 开国前史 卷目 编次 正统性 

分 类 号：D820[政治法律—政治学]