“后家庭化”时期城市家庭婴幼儿送托决策及其对托育发展的启示  

The Decision-Making of Urban Families in the“Post-Familial”Stage and Its Enlightenment to the Development of Childcare

作　　者：郭明雯 蔡弘 丁仁船 GUO Mingwen;CAI Hong;DING Renchuan(Party School of Chongqing Committee of CPC(Chongqing Administration Institute),Chongqing 400041,China;School of Public Policy&Management,Anhui JianZhu University,Hefei 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]中共重庆市委党校(重庆行政学院),重庆400041 [2]安徽建筑大学公共管理学院,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第1期23-35,共13页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“基于生命周期的夫妻生育意愿差异及其生育决策研究”(21BRK044)。

摘　　要：“幼有所育”已经成为一项关系我国人口长期均衡发展的重大民生议题。我国托育事业发展经历了“两大时期、三个阶段”,目前正处于政府、市场与家庭等多元主体共同参与的“后家庭化”阶段,家庭送托实际需求和驱动要素是新时期托育事业高质量发展必须直面的问题。通过对1501个城市家庭的调查分析发现,整体而言非经济因素对于家庭送托决策的影响力度大于经济因素,且结果通过了稳健性检验。家庭区位、家庭关系、家庭职业发展成为影响父母送托的核心因素,入托便捷度能够有效推动家庭做出送托决策,通常认为的家庭经济因素反而并不会显著左右送托决策。可见,要提高托位利用率,减轻城市家庭带养负担,既要有效宣传婴幼儿早期社会化对未来健康成长的科学意义,在观念层面推进家庭送托;也不能忽视托位的覆盖面和“四个可及性”,在实施层面方便家庭送托。The nurturing of the young has become a significant social issue related to the long-term balanced development of China′s population.The development of our country′s childcare industry has gone through“two periods and three stages,”currently entering the“post-familial”stage where diverse entities such as the government,market,and families collectively participate.The actual needs and driving factors for families to send infants and young children to childcare are crucial challenges for the high-quality development of childcare in the new era.A survey and analysis of 1501 urban families reveal that,overall,non-economic factors have a greater influence on family decisions to send children to childcare than economic factors,and the results pass the robustness test.Family location,family relationships,and career development are core factors influencing parental decisions,with convenience in enrollment significantly promoting such decisions.Contrary to common belief,economic factors are not considered a significant determinant in the decision-making process.To enhance childcare facility utilization,alleviate the burden on urban families,it is essential to effectively promote the scientific significance of early socialization for the future health and growth of infants and young children,advancing the concept of family-based childcare.Simultaneously,attention should be given to the coverage and“four accessibility”aspects of childcare facilities to facilitate family enrollment at the implementation level.

关 键 词：托育服务 代际冲突 送托决策 托育需求 

分 类 号：C913.11[经济管理]