硅胶废料复合相变材料的合成及控温性能  

Synthesis and Temperature Control Performance of Silica Gel Waste Composite Phase Change Materials

作　　者：解卓学 寇艳 史全[2] 田颖 XIE Zhuoxue;KOU Yan;SHI Quan;TIAN Ying(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;Thermochemistry Laboratory,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院,大连116028 [2]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所热化学实验室,大连116023

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2025年第2期29-37,共9页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅项目(批准号:JDL2017035,201802011);国家自然科学基金(批准号:51078050,21273025)资助.

摘　　要：将采用硅胶废料(SGW)制备的多孔二氧化硅(PSD)作为载体,以癸酸-十六醇(DA-HD)作为基础相变材料,制备了复合相变材料癸酸-十六醇/多孔二氧化硅(PSD-DA-HD),并引入膨胀石墨(EG)来增强其导热能力.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TGA)和热常数分析法对复合相变材料的热性能进行了评价.将复合相变材料与水泥砂浆按比例进行共混,形成相变砂浆,研究了相变砂浆在模拟应用实验中的控温能力.结果表明,DA-HD通过物理作用被包裹在PSD孔隙中,负载能力可达61.7%,其焓值为105.6 J/g,负载后的PSD-DA-HD复合相变材料具有定型性.膨胀石墨的引入可使PSD/EG-DA-HD复合相变材料的导热系数增至0.9513 W/(m·K),但其负载能力降至49.5%,焓值变为88.1 J/g.PSD-DA-HD和PSD/EG-DA-HD的最高工作温度为92.2℃,在该温度以下可确保材料具有热稳定性.将PSD-DA-HD和PSD/EG-DA-HD分别与水泥砂浆进行共混,制成的相变砂浆C-PSD-DA-HD和C-PSD/EG-DA-HD均具有良好的储热控温特性,在18~32℃范围内分别可维持12.7和6.7 min.在模拟实验中,与没有相变材料的空白组相比,含有PSD-DA-HD的相变砂浆在18~32℃范围内的控温时间增加了267.92%.In this study,silica gel waste(SGW)was utilized to prepare porous silicon dioxide(PSD)as a carrier,combined with capric acid-hexadecyl alcohol(DA-HD)as the base phase change material(PCM),to develop the composite PCM capric acid-hexadecyl alcohol/porous silicon dioxide(PSD-DA-HD).Expanded graphite(EG)was introduced to enhance the thermal conductivity of the material.The thermal performance of the composite PCM was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and thermal constant analysis.The composite PCM was then blended with cement mortar to form phase change mortar,and its temperature regulation capability was studied in simulated application experiments.The results indicate that DA-HD is physically encapsulated within the pores of PSD,achieving a loading capacity of 61.7%,with an enthalpy value of 105.6 J/g.The PSD-DA-HD composite PCM demonstrates good shape stability.The introduction of expanded graphite increased the thermal conductivity of the PSD/EG-DA-HD composite PCM to 0.9513 W·m‒1·K‒1 but reduced its loading capacity to 49.5%,with an enthalpy value of 88.1 J/g.Both PSD-DA-HD and PSD/EG-DA-HD exhibit a maximum working temperature of 92.2℃,ensuring thermal stability below this threshold.When PSD-DA-HD and PSD/EG-DA-HD were mixed with cement mortar,the resulting phase change mortars displayed excellent heat storage and temperature regulation properties.The phase change mortars C-PSD-DA-HD and C-PSD/EG-DA-HD maintained stable temperatures for 12.7 and 6.7 min,respectively,within the temperature range of 18-32℃.In the simulation experiments,the phase change mortar containing PSD-DA-HD extended the temperature regulation duration by 267.92%compared to the control group without PCMs in the same temperature range.

关 键 词：相变材料 复合材料 硅胶废料 控温 相变砂浆 

分 类 号：O614[理学—无机化学] TB34[理学—化学] TU5[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]