听觉场景中不同掩蔽类型的区别性加工机制  

Differential Processing Mechanisms of Different Masking Types in Auditory Scenes

作　　者：薛紫炫 耿立波 党怀兴[1] 杨亦鸣 XUE Zixuan;GENG Libo;DANG Huaixing;YANG Yiming(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi an 710119,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,西安710119 [2]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2025年第1期82-87,共6页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2014CB340502);国家社科基金青年项目(16CYY021)资助。

摘　　要：听者对一个声音的接收、感知与理解受到无关声音干扰的现象称为听觉掩蔽效应。在听觉掩蔽效应中,人类听觉神经系统能够根据不同线索从不同声源中筛选并提取出目标声音,并过滤掉不需要的掩蔽声音。但听觉掩蔽效应并不是简单的从分离到整合的加工过程,具有复杂的内在机制。在能量掩蔽下,目标声与掩蔽声的频率、强度等声学信息在听觉外周产生编码竞争;在信息掩蔽下,目标声与掩蔽声的知觉与认知信息在听觉中枢神经产生竞争。信息掩蔽是掩蔽研究的重点,但其机制至今尚存争议。本文从目标声与掩蔽声的相似性、掩蔽声的不确定性、掩蔽声的可懂度三个因素,探讨信息掩蔽效应的神经机制。The phenomenon that the listener s reception,perception,and understanding of a sound are disturbed by an irrelevant sound is called the auditory masking effect.In the auditory masking effect,the human auditory nervous system is able to screen and extract target sounds from different sound sources based on different cues,and filter out unwanted masked sounds.The auditory masking effect is not a simple processing from separation to integration however it is,with a complex internal mechanism.Under energetic masking,acoustic information such as frequency and intensity of target and masher generates coding competition in the auditory periphery.Under informational masking,target sound and masher competes with perceptive and cognitive information in the auditory center.Informational masking is the focus of masking research,but its mechanism is still controversial.This study studies the neural mechanism of informational masking effect from three factors,including similarity,uncertainty and intelligibility.

关 键 词：信息掩蔽 相似性 不确定性 可懂度 

分 类 号：R339.16[医药卫生—人体生理学]