镰刀菌枯萎病拮抗菌LCQ1801的分离鉴定、生防作用及其在有机基质中的生长情况  

Isolation,identification,biocontrol effect and its colonization in organic substrate of antagonistic bacterium strain LCQ1801 against fusarium wilt

作　　者：张瑶瑶 郑玉华 孙建波 朱白婢[3] 熊国如 李淑霞 彭明 李春强 ZHANG Yaoyao;ZHENG Yuhua;SUN Jianbo;ZHU Baibi;XIONG Guoru;LI Shuxia;PENG Ming;LI Chunqiang(School of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Sanya Research Institute/Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Institute of Vegetables/Hainan Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology/Hainan Engineering Center for Breeding of Vegetables,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院/热带生物技术研究所,农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室/海南省瓜菜育种工程中心,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2025年第1期71-78,共8页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(2019RC299);三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项资助(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-95);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费(1630052018003,1630052019028);海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室开放课题(SCKF201901);海南省农业科学院2020年度院级科技创新项目(KJCX-2020-13)。

摘　　要：为研制用于香蕉枯萎病防控的拮抗型生物有机肥,本研究在海南省澄迈县分离到1株生防菌(LCQ1801),并以尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4,Foc4)为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法进行其抑菌实验的结果表明,LCQ1801对Foc4有明显拮抗作用,抑菌率达65.9%。经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序分析表明,LCQ1801为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。Foc4分别与LCQ1801菌液和滤液共培养,发现Foc4菌丝畸形或破裂,并影响孢子萌发。利用平板实验和培养瓶培养实验研究LCQ1801在不同基质上的生长情况的结果表明:(1)在平板实验中,LCQ1801在动物粪便基质羊粪、猪粪和牛粪中生长良好,在鸡粪中生长较差;在植物基质麦麸、玉米粉、豆粕和水稻秸秆中,LCQ1801均能够生长,但在甘蔗渣和椰糠中生长较差。(2)在培养瓶培养实验中,在动物粪便基质牛粪、羊粪中LCQ1801生长最好(活菌数分别达到1.68×10^(10)、2.40×10^(10)个·g^(-1));在植物基质中,LCQ1801在水稻秸秆、豆粕和玉米粉中生长最好(活菌数分别达到3.22×10^(10)、2.49×10^(10)、2.17×10^(10)个·g^(-1)),而LCQ1801在这两种培养方式的椰糠基质中都几乎不生长。本研究结果为香蕉枯萎病的生物防治提供了菌种材料和技术支撑。To develop biological organic fertilizer for preventing and controling Fusarium wilt of banana,a bio-control bacterial strain LCQ1801 was isolated from the soil of rubber plantation in Chengmai,Hainan and its inhibition activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(Foc4),the causal agent of banana Fusarium wilt was determined by using plate dual culture.The results indicated that LCQ1801 had obviously antagonistic effect on Foc4,and the inhibition rate was 65.9%.The LCQ1801 was identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical tests,combined with 16S rDNA sequencing analysis.Foc4 was cocultured with LCQ1801 bacterial liquid and filtrate,respectively.The result found that LCQ1801 bacterial fluid and filtrate caused abnormal growth or rupture of Foc4 hyphae and affected spore germination.At the same time,LCQ1801 was cultured on different substrates by using plate assay and culture flask culture.The plate assay indicated that the growth of LCQ1801 in the animal substrates of sheep dung,pig dung and cow dung was better than that in chicken dung.The growth of LCQ1801 in the plant substrates of wheat bran,corn flour,soybean meal and rice straw was better than that in the plant substrates of bagasse and coconut coir.Culture flask culture test showed that the number of viable bacteria of LCQ1801 in cow dung and sheep dung reached 16.8 billions·g^(-1) and 24.0 billions·g^(-1),respectively.The number of viable bacteria of LCQ1801 in rice straw,soybean meal and corn flour reached 32.2 billions·g^(-1),24.9 billions·g^(-1) and 21.7 billions·g^(-1),respectively.LCQ1801 hardly grew in the substrate of coconut coir in both culture styles.This study provides strain materials and technical support for biological control of Fusarium wilt of banana.

关 键 词：生防细菌 尖镰孢枯萎病 有机基质 生物肥料 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]