3种沉水植物对模拟养殖尾水的净化效果  

Purification efficiency of three submerged plants in simulated aquaculture effluent

作　　者：张智宇 谢珍玉[1] 黄爱优 张报轩 ZHANG ZhiYu;XIE ZhenYu;HUANG AiYou;ZHANG BaoXuan(College of Marine Biology and Fisheries,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋生物与水产学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2025年第1期134-151,共18页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：大面积水草种植淡水养殖尾水循环处理研究项目(WCCYY202208)。

摘　　要：以海南省常见的3种沉水植物(轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata、伊乐藻Elodea nuttallii和金鱼藻Cerato-phyllum demersum)为研究对象,通过室内静水培养实验,探究温度、光照强度、植株密度等不同因子对于3种沉水植物净化罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)养殖尾水效果的影响,以期筛选出净化效果最优的植物用于尾水处理。试验结果表明,金鱼藻综合去除效率最佳,其对水体中的氨氮(NH4+_N)、磷酸盐(PO43-_P)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-_N)、硝酸盐(NO3-_N)的去除率分别达到了67.11%、78.92%、96.89%、75.04%;轮叶黑藻和伊乐藻在植株密度为6.4 g·L^(-1)时净水效果最佳,而金鱼藻在植株密度为4.4 g·L^(-1)及6.4 g·L^(-1)时净水效果差异不显著;在光照强度为18000 lx时,金鱼藻及伊乐藻对水体中氨氮最终去除率比6000 lx时分别降低26.54%和62.36%,而轮叶黑藻完全丧失了去除水体中氨氮的能力,说明过高的光照强度可能会对植物产生光抑制,降低水质净化效能。Three common submerged plants,Hydrilla verticillata,Elodea nuttallii and Ceratophyllum demersum,collected in Hainan Province were cultured in aquaculture effluent prepared to explore their effects under different factors such as temperature,illumination intensity and plant density on the purification efficiency of simulated tilapia aquaculture effluent in an indoor static water culture experiment.The submerged plants with the best purification efficiency for the effluent treatment were screened.The results showed C.demersum had best comprehensive removal efficiency,with removal rates of NH4+_N,PO43-_P,NO2-_N and NO3-_N being upto 67.11%,78.92%,96.89%and 75.04%,respectively.H.verticillata and E.nuttallii had best purification efficiency at the plant density of 6.4 g·L^(-1),while the comprehensive purification efficiency of C.demersum at the plant densities of 6.4 and 4.4 g·L^(-1) were similar.E.nuttallii and C.demersum reduced the removal rates of NH4+_N by 26.54%and 62.36%,respectively,at the illumination intensity of 6000 lx as against those at 18000 lx,and.meanwhile H.verticillata completely lost the water purification ability,indicating that high light intensity might inhibit the growth of plants and reduce the efficiency of water purification.

关 键 词：沉水植物 尾水处理 富营养化 伊乐藻 金鱼藻 轮叶黑藻 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]