航道疏浚水下炸礁控制技术  

Control technology of underwater reef blasting in channel dredging

作　　者：王明明 郭华杰 罗伟 路元军 储云峰 WANG Ming-ming;GUO Hua-jie;LUO Wei;LU Yuan-jun;CHU Yun-feng(Shenzhen City Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China;China Academy of Railway Sciences(Shenzhen)Research and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518057,Guangdong,China;Shenzhen Engineering Blasting Association,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China;Liangjiang New District Branch,Chongqing Public Security Bureau,Chongqing 400020,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市城投爆破工程有限公司,广东深圳518000 [2]铁科院(深圳)研究设计院有限公司,广东深圳518057 [3]深圳市工程爆破协会,广东深圳518000 [4]重庆市公安局两江新区分局,重庆400020

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第6期178-184,共7页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：水下炸礁在航道扩建、疏浚工程中应用日益广泛,但爆破施工受潮流、波浪等影响大,环境复杂,难度大。炸礁工程施工位于通航区,为不影响船舶正常运营,采用工业电子雷管逐孔起爆,选取Φ115 mm孔径和Φ146 mm孔径的炮孔,炸药单耗1.6 kg/m^(3),孔排距分别为2.5 m×2 m和3 m×2.5 m,超深1.5 m的爆破参数。从爆破振动、水冲击波、飞石角度分析了爆破对码头、堤坝、船舶和鱼类的影响,确保爆破安全的同时将影响降到最低。结果表明:水下炸礁爆破效果好,块度均匀,爆破未对航道内保护物、鱼类和船舶造成危害,对后续同类爆破有重要指导作用。Underwater reef blasting is widely used in channel expansion and dredging engineering,but the blasting construction is affected by tidal current and wave,and the environment is complicated and difficult.The construction of the reef blasting project is located in the navigable area.In order not to affect the normal operation of the ship,the electronic detonator is used to detonate one hole by one hole,and the gun holes withΦ115 mm aperture andΦ146 mm aperture are selected.The blasting parameters of explosive consumption per unit is 1.6 kg/m^(3),hole row spacing is 2.5 m×2 m and 3 m×2.5 m respectively,and ultra-deep is 1.5 m.The effects of blasting on wharves,dykes,ships and fish are analyzed from the angles of blasting vibration,water shock wave and flying rocks to ensure the safety of blasting and minimize the effects.The results show that the underwater reef blasting has good effect,uniform block,and no harm to the protection objects,fish and ships in the channel,which has an important guiding role for the subsequent similar blasting.

关 键 词：炸礁 工业电子雷管 航道 爆破安全 

分 类 号：TU746.5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]