玉屏风多糖合生元对大口黑鲈肠道菌群的影响  

Effect of Yupingfeng Polysaccharide Synbiotics on Intestinal Microflora in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides

作　　者：杨映[1] 欧阳俊烨 刘念 杨颖 李继永 张思思 于辉[1] YANG Ying;OUYANG Junye;LIU Nian;YANG Ying;LI Jiyong;ZHANG Sisi;YU Hui(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precision Breeding,Foshan Institute of Science and Technology,Foshan 528000,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Foshan University of Science and Technology,Foshan 528000,China;Heshi Seedling Technology Co.Ltd.,Foshan 528211,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院广东省动物分子设计与精准育种重点实验室,广东佛山528000 [2]佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院,广东佛山528000 [3]何氏种苗科技有限公司,广东佛山528211

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第6期81-88,122,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B030301010).

摘　　要：用3种益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)FSL1、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)FSL2和副干酪乳酸菌(L.paracasei)YP1联合从传统中药玉屏风散(由黄芪Astragalus membranaceus、白术Atractylodes macrocephala和防风Saposhnikovia divaricata组成)中提取的中药多糖制成合生元,添加到饲料中饲喂大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides),探究发酵前后的玉屏风多糖合生元对大口黑鲈肠道菌群的影响。在水温26~28℃下,将体质量(11.0±2.0)g的大口黑鲈饲养在60 cm×40 cm×40 cm的养殖桶中,分别投喂基础膨化饲料(对照组)、添加未发酵合生元(UYP组)、发酵合生元(FYP组)、玉屏风多糖(YPF组)和复合益生菌(CPB组),每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。28 d后采集大口黑鲈肠道内容物进行细菌16S rRNA测序。结果显示,在门水平上,发酵玉屏风多糖合生元组大口黑鲈肠道内容物的优势菌群为软壁菌门(Softcomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),优势属主要是罕见小球菌属(Pediococcus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和支原体属(Mycoplasma);未发酵玉屏风多糖合生元组的优势菌群为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),优势属主要以乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)为主,说明发酵玉屏风多糖合生元对大口黑鲈的免疫性能起正向的作用,提高对营养物质的吸收能力,而未发酵玉屏风多糖合生元能提高大口黑鲈的消化和代谢能力。综上所述,玉屏风多糖合生元均能提高肠道菌群中益生菌的丰度,降低致病菌的丰度,改善肠道菌群结构,降低大口黑鲈患病风险,为玉屏风多糖合生元在大口黑鲈养殖中的应用提供参考。Synbiotics made of three probiotics,Bacillus subtilis FSL1,Lactobacillus plantarum FSL2 and L.paracasei YP1 combined with polysaccharides extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Yupingfeng powder(composed of Astragalus membranaceus,Atractylodes macrocephala,and Saposhnikovia divaricata)were fed to largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides.To explore the effect of polysaccharide synbiotics on the intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass before and after fermentation.Largemouth bass with body weight of(11.0±2.0)g were reared in 60 cm×40 cm×40 cm barrels,and were fed with basic extruded feed(control group),unfermented synbiotics(UYP group),fermented synbiotics(FYP group),Yuping polysaccharides(YPF group)and compound probiotics(CPB group),with 3 replicates at water temperature of 26-28℃for 28 d,when the intestinal contents of largemouth bass were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing.The results showed that at the phylum level,the phyla Softcomycetes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial groups,in the fermented Yupingfeng polysaccharide synbiotic group and rare Pediococcus,Bacteroides and Mycoplasma were the dominant genera,and Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial groups,and Lactobacillus the dominant genera in unfermented Yupingfeng polysaccharide,indicating that the fermented Yupingfeng polysaccharide synbiotic group played a positive role in the immune performance of largemouth bass and improved the ability to absorb nutrients,and the unfermented Yupingfeng polysaccharide synbiotic led to improve the digestion and metabolism of largemouth bass.In summary,the Yupingfeng polysaccharide synbiotic group led to increase the abundance of probiotics in the intestinal flora,to reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria,to improve the structure of the intestinal flora and to reduce the risk of largemouth bass disease.The findings provide reference with the application of polysaccharide synbiotics in largemouth bass culture.

关 键 词：玉屏风多糖 合生元 大口黑鲈 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S965.211[农业科学—水产养殖]