转座子的研究进展及其应用前景  

Research Progress and Application Prospect of Transposons

作　　者：秦艺铭 董晨欢 陈宏立 王嘉鹏 李振鲁 林晨韬 QIN Yiming;DONG Chenhuan;CHEN Hongli;WANG Jiapeng;LI Zhenlu;LIN Chentao(School of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《生物化工》2024年第6期205-210,共6页Biological Chemical Engineering

摘　　要：转座子在生物体基因组中普遍存在,是一类可移动的DNA元件,占人类及其他生物基因的很大一部分。转座子序列中通常含有调控序列,这些序列可以启动宿主的转录机制,从而表达转座子自身的产物,促进转座子复制出更多的自身拷贝并转座,这一性质对生物体内的基因表达调控产生了重要的影响,因为转座子的衍生序列可以作为顺式调控元件如启动子、增强子或沉默因子在基因组中发挥作用,调控基因表达。本综述介绍了转座子的起源、作用机制以及在科研和医疗中的应用,重点总结了转座子调控基因表达的机制,为转座子的研究及应用提供方向。Transposable elements(TEs)are ubiquitous in the genome of organisms,and they are mobile DNA elements,which comprise a large portion of organism genomic sequence.TEs often contain sequences capable of initiating the host transcription machinery,which they use to express their own products,replicate more copies and promote transposition,and this unique property of TEs plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in organism,because TE-drived sequences can function as cis-regulatory elements such as promotors,enhancers and silencers to regulate gene expression.In this review,we introduce the origin,mechanism and the applications in medical care and science,with a focus on the mechanism,providing a direction for future research.

关 键 词：转座元件 基因表达调控 转录调节 

分 类 号：Q754[生物学—分子生物学]