鄂伦春族漩涡纹“尚喔塔哈留汗”文化解析  

Cultural Analysis on Spiral Patterns"Shangwotahaliuhan"of the Oroqen Ethnic Group

作　　者：王纪 WANG Ji(Changbai Mountain Cultural Research Institute,Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua 134002,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院美术学院,吉林通化134002 [2]长白山文化研究院 [3]中国满族民间美术研究中心

出　　处：《通化师范学院学报》2025年第1期33-42,共10页Journal of Tonghua Normal University

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金艺术学重点项目“中国少数民族剪纸艺术传统调查与研究”(09AF006)。

摘　　要：生活在中国最北疆的鄂伦春族有自己的语言但无文字,因此记录民族文化的方式长期以来沉淀于图像、歌曲、舞蹈等艺术形式中,其中留存至今的图像艺术多以“铰花”的形式存在。鄂伦春“铰花”代表性符号是“尚喔塔哈留汗”。“塔哈留汗”(tua.xə.rjo.xa)即漩涡状曲线,原意指在每年三月份乌鸡求偶交配的季节,乌鸡会集中在有草和小树的大平地一只挨一只转成一个大圈,人们见此就说乌鸡“塔哈留汗”了。“尚喔”(?a.?ur)即波浪线,原意是指在无风的情况下烟慢慢地冒上天空形成云卷。经田野调查发现,这两个纹样可以单独使用也可以组合使用,而这两个纹样与其他符号有规律地组合却承载着一个民族无文字书写的文化发展史。The people of the Oroqen ethnic group who dwell in the most northern part of China,don't have characters to record their own language.Hence the way they record their ethnic culture has long been set-tled in art forms such as images,songs,and dances.Among them,the image art has survived to this day mostly in the form of"hinge flowers".The representative symbol of the"hinge flower"in Oroqen ethnic group is"Shangwotahaliuhan"."Tahaliuhan"(tua.xə.rjo.xa)means a spiral curve,and the original mean-ing refers to the season in March each year when silkie chickens mate and gather on large flat ground with grass and small trees,turning one by one into a large circle.People call silkie chickens"Tahaliuhan"when they see this."Shangwo"(ʃa.əur),also known as wavy lines,originally refers to smoke slowly rising into the sky to form a cloud roll in the absence of wind.Through field investigations,it has been found that these two patterns can be used alone or in combination,and their regular combination with other symbols carries the cultural development history of an ethnic group without written language.

关 键 词：鄂伦春 纹饰 原始信仰 符号 舞蹈 民间文学 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]