社区老年人咀嚼功能评估问卷的编制及信效度检验  

Development of masticatory function assessment questionnaire for elderly people in community and the test of its reliability and validity

作　　者：张瑞 郭三兰[1] 左慧 马静 ZHANG Rui;GUO Sanlan;ZUO Hui;MA Jing(Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei 430030 China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北430030

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第3期428-432,共5页Chinese Nursing Research

基　　金：湖北省财政厅基金计划(一般面上项目),编号:SCZ202107。

摘　　要：目的:编制社区老年人咀嚼功能评估问卷并进行信效度检验,为社区老年人咀嚼功能的评估提供工具。方法:以口腔健康状况测量理论模型为指导,通过文献分析、小组讨论形成初稿,进行2轮专家函询和预调查,形成最终版问卷;采用便利抽样法,选取2021年9月—2022年3月在湖北省某社区卫生中心参加健康体检的180名老年人为调查对象,对问卷进行项目分析、探索性因子分析及信效度检验;2022年4月—10月另选取256名老年人作为调查对象,进行验证性因子分析。结果:形成的社区老年人咀嚼功能评估问卷共包含17个条目,探索性因子分析提取出3个公因子,累计贡献率为78.40%;验证性因子分析显示,模型拟合度可。问卷总体内容效度为0.92,各条目的内容效度为0.83~1.00,Cronbach'sα系数为0.919,分半信度为0.846。结论:编制的社区老年人咀嚼功能评估问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为社区老年人咀嚼功能的评估工具。Objective:To develop and test the reliability and validity of the masticatory function evaluation questionnaire for the elderly in community,to provide reference for the evaluation of their masticatory function.Methods:Based on the theoretical model of measurement of oral health status,the first draft was formed through literature analysis,group discussion,two rounds of expert correspondence and pre-investigation.A total of 180 elderly people who participated in physical examination in a community health center in Hubei province from September 2021 to March 2022,were selected by convenience sampling method.Item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and reliability and validity test were conducted for the questionnaire.From April to October 2022,another 256 elderly people were selected as survey subjects for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:A total of 17 items were included in the questionnaire to evaluate mastic function of the elderly in the community.Three common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 78.40%.The model was well fitted by confirmatory factor analysis.The overall content validity of the questionnaire was 0.92,the content validity of each item were 0.83-1.00,Cronbach'sαwas 0.919,and the half-point reliability was 0.846.Conclusion:The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,and can be used as a tool to evaluate masticatory function of elderly people in community.

关 键 词：社区 老年人 咀嚼功能 专家函询 问卷 信度 效度 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]