清代松花江流域洪涝灾害及政府救助(1736—1911年)  

Flood Disaster and Government Rescue in Songhua River Basin in Qing Dynasty(1736-1911)

作　　者：刘志勇 LIU Zhiyong(School of Law,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学法学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期34-46,共13页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

摘　　要：乾隆至宣统时期(1736—1911),清代松花江流域平均每两年半左右就发生一起大的洪涝灾害。地方官员会将受灾地区的水情、灾况和损失上奏给朝廷。根据灾情,官府一般采取借贷、缓征、蠲免、平粜、赏给和调拨等方式加以救助。官府救灾对缓解灾情影响、挽救生命财产、恢复正常生产和生活秩序起到一定作用。财政中的截留和地方仓储不足等因素影响了救灾效果。清末,松花江流域洪涝灾害总体上未造成饥民遍地、饿殍四野的状况,没有出现地方统治危机,这与朝廷相对完备和成熟的救灾制度有关,也与中央并未丧失对地方的控制有关。During the Qianlong to Xuantong period(1736-1911),a major flood disaster occurred on average every two and a half years in the Songhua River basin.Local officials reported the water situation,disaster situation,and losses of the affected areas to the court.According to the disaster situation,the gov⁃ernment generally provided assistance through borrowing,deferred collection,exemption,resettlement,re⁃wards,and allocation.Government disaster relief plays a certain role in mitigating the impact of disasters,saving lives and property,and restoring normal production and living order.Factors such as fiscal intercep⁃tion and insufficient local storage have affected the effectiveness of disaster relief.In the late Qing Dynasty,the overall situation of floods and waterlogging in the Songhua River basin did not cause widespread famine and widespread starvation.There was no crisis of local governance,which was related to the relatively com⁃plete and mature disaster relief system of the imperial court,as well as the fact that the central government did not lose control over the local area.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 政府救助 松花江流域 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]