虾蟹塘自动投饵船研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of automatic feeding boats for shrimp and crab ponds

作　　者：陈雷雷[1] 沈凯琪 胡庆松[1] 李俊[1] CHEN Leilei;SHEN Kaiqi;HU Qingsong;LI Jun(College of Engineering Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第23期26-37,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900401);上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心项目(2021科技02-12);上海市科技兴农推广项目(沪农科推字(2018)第3-3号)。

摘　　要：自动投喂是提升虾蟹池塘养殖效益的关键,也是虾蟹池塘养殖机械化、自动化发展的重要组成部分。虾蟹塘自动投饵船因为具有精准定位、自动导航、自主运行和均匀投饵等功能,受到越来越多的关注。该文调研了国内外科研机构和企业对虾蟹塘自动投饵船的研究和应用现状,并从投饵船驱动装置、投饵送料机构、精准投喂控制技术3个方面归纳总结了虾蟹塘自动投饵船的研究现状。针对当前研究不足,展望了未来研究的趋势,即提升复杂环境的适应能力和运行可靠性,深入饲料颗粒-投饵船-养殖生物的互作用机理研究,提升精准化性能和人工智能新技术的应用,以及标准化和系统化。综述分析可为国内虾蟹塘自动投饵船的进一步研究、开发和应用推广提供借鉴。A large-scale aquaculture of shrimp and crab ponds can be found with a high demand for automatic feeding in China.Automated feeding is crucial to the output and quality of cultivated species,due to cost savings and minimum pollution of aquaculture water bodies.It is also one of the most critical steps to enhance the efficiency of shrimp and crab pond aquaculture in mechanization and automation.Given the limited swimming ability of shrimp and crabs,it is essential to evenly distribute feed throughout the pond,according to their feeding behaviors.Previous research has been increasingly focused on the automatic feeding boats of shrimp and crab ponds,particularly on precise positioning,uniform feeding,automatic navigation,and operation.In this study,a research survey was implemented on the feeding boats for the shrimp and crab ponds in the world.Subsequently,the current research status of automatic feeding boats was outlined for the shrimp and crab ponds.Three key aspects were:the propulsion system of feeding boats,the bait delivery mechanism,and precise feeding control technology.Firstly,the current propulsion systems of feeding boats were primarily paddle wheels and propellers,each of which shared their own strengths and weaknesses suitable for different scenarios.Structural optimizations were conducted to improve the speed,efficiency,and maneuverability.Additionally,the blowers and integrated screw systems were explored for feeding boats,in response to the aquaculture environment with dense aquatic plants.However,two mechanisms were still in the exploratory phase.Secondly,the feeding and scattering mechanisms were designed to achieve the transportation and scattering of feed under various aquaculture conditions.1)The feeding mechanism mainly included a screw,rotary valve,and vibrating feeding.The lower feed breakage rates and higher transportation speeds were achieved for the high efficiency and accuracy.2)The scattering mechanism was primarily used as centrifugal scattering discs,particularly for a wide scatterin

关 键 词：养殖 渔业 自动投饵船 驱动机构 投饵送料机构 精准控制 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖] S23[农业科学—水产科学]