低温胁迫下不同品种油梨生理响应及耐寒性评价  

Physiological response and cold tolerance evaluation of different varieties of avocados to low temperature stress

作　　者：崔芸瑜 何应会[1] 杨日升 陈健虹 闫文强 CUI Yunyu;HE Yinghui;YANG Risheng;CHEN Jianhong;YAN Wenqiang(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization,Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁530002 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第12期97-105,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001229);广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室自主课题(JA-24-03-02);自治区财政林木良种补助专项(ZX31232506)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究低温胁迫下油梨的生理响应,评价不同品种油梨的耐寒能力,为扩大油梨栽培区及选育耐寒油梨品种提供参考。【方法】以引进的9种油梨的幼苗为试材,对其分别进行15、6、0、-3、-6℃低温处理,观察油梨的外部形态变化,测定与耐寒性相关的生理指标,采用主成分分析方法对9种油梨的耐寒性进行综合评价。【结果】在不同低温胁迫下,随着处理温度的降低,轻则叶片黄化、皱缩,重则出现枯斑、冻伤,甚至叶片黄化彻底干枯;油梨在-3℃时表现出明显损伤,在此温度条件下,Walter Hole实生苗和Ettinger嫁接苗在外部形态上对低温的忍受度较高。大部分油梨的相对电导率在实验温度内保持持续上升,在-6℃达到峰值;大部分油梨的脯氨酸含量呈升—降—升的趋势,除了Pinkerton嫁接苗外,均在-6℃时达到峰值;而油梨的SOD、POD和CAT活性的变化趋势较为复杂,Pinkerton实生苗和Fuerte嫁接苗的SOD活性分别在0、-6℃达到峰值,其余油梨的SOD活性在15℃达到峰值;不同品种油梨的POD活性变化与峰值均不同;9种油梨可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势也不同,均在-6℃时达到峰值。【结论】9种油梨按照耐寒性由强到弱排序依次为Ettinger嫁接苗、Zutano实生苗、Pinkerton实生苗、Walter Hole嫁接苗、Walter Hole实生苗、Fuerte嫁接苗、桂垦大2号嫁接苗、Pinkerton嫁接苗、Hass实生苗。即Ettinger嫁接苗、Zutano实生苗、Pinkerton实生苗的耐寒能力较强。【Objective】The physiological response of avocado to low temperature stress was studied,and the cold tolerance of different varieties was evaluated,so as to provide reference for expanding the avocado cultivation area and breeding cold-resistant avocado varieties.【Method】Nine kinds of imported avocado seedlings were treated at 15,6,0,-3 and-6℃respectively,and the external morphological changes of avocados were observed,and the physiological indexes related to cold tolerance were determined.The cold tolerance of nine avocados was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.【Result】Under different low temperature gradients of stress,as the treatment temperature decreases,the leaves may experience yellowing and wrinkling at mild levels,withering spots and frostbite at severe levels,and even complete yellowing and drying of the leaves.Avocado showed obvious damage at-3℃.Under this temperature condition,Walter Hole seedlings and Ettinger grafted seedlings had higher tolerance to low temperature in external morphology.The relative conductivity of most avocados continues to increase within the experimental temperature,reaching a peak at-6℃.The proline content of most avocados showed a rising-falling-rising trend,and all reached the peak at-6℃except Pinkerton grafted seedlings.The trend of changes in SOD,POD,and CAT activities of avocados was relatively complex.The SOD activities of Pinkerton seedlings and Fuerte reached their peak at 0℃and-6℃,respectively,while the SOD activities of other avocados reached their peak at 15℃;The changes and peaks of POD activity varied among different varieties of avocados.The change in soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of nine avocados was also different,but they all reached the peak at-6℃.【Conclusion】The 9 types of avocados,in descending order of cold tolerance,are Ettinger grafted seedlings,Zutano seedlings,Pinkerton seedlings,Walter Hole grafted seedlings,Walter Hole seedlings,Fuerte grafted seedlings,Guikenda 2 grafted seed

关 键 词：油梨 低温胁迫 生理响应 耐寒性评价 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S667.9[农业科学—林学]