灌溉和施肥对‘新林1号’杨生长和光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Populus cathayana×canadansis‘Xinlin1’

作　　者：李潇[1] 王汉时 王宏星 蒋路平 庞忠义 彭彦辉 赵曦阳 LI Xiao;WANG Hanshi;WANG Hongxing;JIANG Luping;PANG Zhongyi;PENG Yanhui;ZHAO Xiyang(College of Forestry and Grassland,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Xinmin City Machinery Forest Farm,Xinmin 110300)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学林学与草学学院,长春130118 [2]国有新民市机械林场,新民110300

出　　处：《植物研究》2025年第1期77-87,共11页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2201204)。

摘　　要：探究滴灌水肥耦合对‘新林1号’杨(Populus cathayana×canadansis‘Xinlin1’)生长和光合生理特性的影响,旨在选出促进‘新林1号’杨生长的最佳水肥耦合措施。以10年生‘新林1号’杨为研究对象,设置-20 k Pa(I_(20))、-33 k Pa(I_(33))、-45 k Pa(I_(45))、未灌溉(I_0)4个灌溉水平和尿素500 g·株^(-1)(N_(1))、尿素1000 g·株^(-1)(N_(2))、尿素1500 g·株^(-1)(N_(3))、复合肥500 g·株^(-1)(F_(1))、复合肥1000 g·株^(-1)(F_(2))、复合肥1500 g·株^(-1)(F_(3))、对照(CK)7个施肥水平,测定‘新林1号’杨树高、胸径及叶片的光合生理指标。结果表明:(1)灌溉和施肥显著增加了胸径、树高和材积年增量。I_(20)灌溉处理的胸径、树高和单株材积年增量最高,比未灌溉分别提高了18.6%、40.6%、60.6%。F_2施肥处理胸径、树高和单株材积年增量最大,分别达到了2.47 cm、2.09 m、0.097 m^(3),比未施肥分别提高了8.3%、7.8%、15.3%。其中I_(20)F_(2)处理‘新林1号’杨生长量最大,显著高于其他处理。(2)灌溉和施肥显著增加了叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量,提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、净光合速率及气孔导度,其中I_(20)F_(2)处理下可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性和叶面积最高。(3)相关性分析结果表明,‘新林1号’杨胸径、树高和材积年增长量与叶片生理指标和净光合速率呈显著正相关,与胞间CO_(2)摩尔分数呈负相关。灌溉和施肥显著改变了叶片生理特性,提高了叶片光合能力,促进了‘新林1号’杨的生长。I_(20)F_(2)处理下,生理指标和净光合速率最高,林木生长达到了最佳水平。因此,保持水分充足(灌溉阈值为-20 k Pa)及施复合肥(1000 g·株^(-1))处理是改善‘新林1号’杨光合生理特征,促进林木生长的最佳水肥耦合措施。To explore the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Populus cathayana×canadansis‘Xinlin1’,and to select the optimal measures of irrigation and fertilization for promoting the growth of‘Xinlin1’,10-year-old‘Xinlin1’poplar was used as material,and four irrigation levels[−20 kPa(I_(20)),−33 kPa(I_(33)),−45 kPa(I_(45)),unirrigated(I_(0))]and seven fertilization levels[urea 500 g⋅plant^(-1)(N_(1)),urea 1000 g⋅plant^(-1)(N_(2)),urea 1500 g⋅plant^(-1)(N_(3)),compound fertilizer 500 g⋅plant^(-1)(F_(1)),compound fertilizer 1000 g⋅plant^(-1)(F_(2)),compound fertilizer 1500 g⋅plant^(-1)(F_(3))and control(CK)]were set to determine the height,diameter at breast height(DBH),leaf physiological and photosynthetic indexes of‘Xinlin1’poplar,respectively.The results showed that:(1)Irrigation and fertilization significantly increased the annual increment of DBH,tree height and volume.The highest annual increment of DBH,tree height and volume under I20 irrigation was 18.6%,40.6%and 60.6%,respectively,compared with no irrigation.The annual increase in DBH,tree height and volume per plant under F_(2)fertilization were the largest,reaching 2.47 cm,2.09 m and 0.097 m^(3),with an increase of 8.3%,7.8%and 15.3%compared with no fertilization,respectively.I20F2 showed the largest growth rate,which was significantly higher than other treatments.(2)Irrigation and fertilization significantly increased chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,glutamine synthetase activity,nitrate reductase activity,net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance.I20F2 treatment had the largest activities of soluble protein,glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase and net photosynthetic rate.(3)Correlation analysis showed that growth traits(DBH,tree height and annual volume increase)of‘Xinlin1’poplar were positively correlated with leaf physiological traits and net photosynthetic rate,and negatively correlated with intercellular C

关 键 词：杨树 施肥 灌溉 生长性状 生理特征 光合特性 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学]