附加钟特性的原子钟预测不确定度分析  

Analysis of atomic clock predictable uncertainty with additional clock characteristics

作　　者：赵军华[1] 张玉军 刘安斐 展昕 陈亮[2] ZHAO Junhua;ZHANG Yujun;LIU Anfei;ZHAN Xin;CHEN Liang(Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Beijing Satellite Navigation Center,Beijing 100094,China;The 722th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学,石家庄050043 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所,石家庄050081 [3]北京卫星导航中心,北京100094 [4]中国船舶重工集团公司第七二二研究所,武汉430205

出　　处：《测绘科学》2024年第11期30-39,共10页Science of Surveying and Mapping

摘　　要：针对调频白噪声、调频随机游走噪声和观测噪声等3种噪声对预测原子钟不确定度的影响问题进行深入分析,选取6种典型原子钟的噪声,对各类原子钟进行比对分析:(1)给出了原子钟噪声与Allan方差之间的关系;(2)对影响预测不确定的3项参数公式的影响进行归类分析;(3)给出了一种根据原子钟噪声参数确定预测不确定最优观测时间的方法。相关研究结果表明:MHM2010氢钟、MHM2010和铯钟2000 h噪声分别优于4、12和25 ns。星载氢钟、SOHM-4氢钟和星载铷钟都达到了223、350和350 ns。调频白噪声、观测噪声预测不确定度影响随时间由大变小,调频随机游走噪声对预测不确定度影响随时间由小变大。其中MHM2010氢钟、MHM2010和铯钟由于调频随机游走噪声强度较低,在4000 d观测时间内预测不确定度呈现一个“小对勾”趋势。星载氢钟、SOHM-4氢钟和星载铷钟在4000 h内呈现一个“大对勾”走势,这是由于调频随机游走噪声较大,在较短的观测时间以后就严重淹没了调频白噪声和观测噪声对预测不确定度的影响。通过对原子钟特性的研究,可以作为相关原子钟预报、建模和评估的依据。Prediction involves extrapolating future performance through the modeling of historical data.Predictability is an essential attribute of high quality of atomic clocks,and clock difference prediction plays a crucial role in establishing free running time bases.This study conducts an in depth analysis of the impact of three types of noise frequency modulation white noise(FMWN),frequency modulation random walk noise(FMRW),and observation noise on prediction uncertainty.By selecting the noise characteristics of six typical atomic clocks,comparative analyses were performed.Firstly,the relationship between atomic clock noise and Allan variance was provided;secondly,the influence of three parameters affecting prediction uncertainty was categorized and analyzed;finally,a method for determining the optimal observation time for prediction uncertainty based on atomic clock noise parameters was proposed.The research findings indicate that the MHM2010 hydrogen maser,MHM2010,and cesium clocks exhibit noise levels better than 4,12,and 25 ns over 2000 hours,respectively.Space borne hydrogen masers,SOHM-4 hydrogen masers,and space borne rubidium clocks achieved levels of 223,350,and 350 ns,respectively.The influence of FMWN and observation noise on prediction uncertainty decreases with time,while the impact of FMRW increases with time.Among these,the MHM2010 hydrogen maser,MHM2010,and cesium clocks show a“small checkmark”trend in prediction uncertainty over a 4000 d observation period due to their lower FMRW intensity.In contrast,space borne hydrogen masers,SOHM-4 hydrogen masers,and space borne rubidium clocks exhibit a“large checkmark”trend within 4000 hours,as the higher FMRW intensity significantly masks the effects of FMWN and observation noise on prediction uncertainty after a relatively short observation period.The study of atomic clock characteristics can serve as a basis for forecasting,modeling,and evaluating related atomic clocks.

关 键 词：原子钟 预测 不确定度 频率白噪声 调频随机游走噪声 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]