感潮河段枯水期盐度模型构建与咸潮上溯影响研究  

Construction of salinity model for tidal reaches during dry seasons and study on influence of saltwater intrusion

作　　者：黄雅丽 盛晟 胡朝阳[2,3] 刘阳 葛建忠[4] 姚佳玲[4] 付开雄 林斌[2] 刘炳义[1] 陈华 HUANG Yali;SHENG Sheng;HU Zhaoyang;LIU Yang;GE Jianzhong;YAO Jialing;FU Kaixiong;LIN Bin;LIU Bingyi;CHEN Hua(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Fujian Provincial Investigation,Design&Research Institute of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350001,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research(East China Normal University),Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]福建省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司,福建福州350001 [3]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [4]河口海岸学国家重点实验室(华东师范大学),上海200241

出　　处：《水资源保护》2025年第1期150-159,204,共11页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3209101)。

摘　　要：基于有限体积方法,结合实测咸水数据及气候模式数据,构建了感潮河段枯水期水动力-盐度模型,并以受咸潮影响严重的闽江水口水库坝下至河口的感潮河段为例,探究了枯水期气候态条件下咸潮上溯特征及规律。结果表明:在枯水期,闽江感潮河段平均流量最小,气候态风场正值东北风向,综合作用下最易发生咸潮上溯;枯水期气候态大潮期间,河口水体混合强烈,闽江南港较北港上溯更强烈,上溯最严重时已危及城门水厂;枯水期气候态小潮期间,咸潮上溯程度整体强于大潮,南港的咸潮上溯界远于北港,落憩时水体分层明显,其余时刻水体混合强烈,上溯严重时马尾、炎山、城门水厂均于取用水高峰时段遭受影响。Based on the finite volume method,combined with measured saltwater data and climate model data,a hydrodynamic-salinity model for the dry season of tidal reaches was constructed.Taking the tidal reaches from the dam of the Minjiang Shuikou Reservoir to the estuary,which is severely affected by saltwater,as an example,the upstream characteristics and laws of saltwater intrusion under dry season climate conditions were explored.The results show that during the dry season,the average flow rate of the tidal reaches of the Minjiang River is the smallest,and the climate wind field is in the northeast direction.Under the comprehensive effect,it is most prone to the occurrence of saltwater intrusion.During the dry season climatological spring tide,the mixing of estuary water is strong,and the saltwater intrusion of the South Channel is more intense than the North Channel,which has endangered the Chengmen Waterworks when the saltwater intrusion is the most serious.In the dry season climatological neap tide,the degree of saltwater intrusion is stronger than that of the spring tide,and the South Channel intrusion is much farther than the North Channel.The water stratification is obvious in the tidal fall and the water mixing strongly at the rest of the time.When the saltwater intrusion is severe,the Mawei,Yanshan and Chengmen waterworks are affected during the peak period of water intake.

关 键 词：感潮河段 枯水期 咸潮上溯 用水安全 水动力-盐度模型 气候态 闽江 

分 类 号：P731.12[天文地球—海洋科学]