腰果酚-苯酚改性酚醛胺固化剂的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Cardanol-Phenol Modified Phenalkamine Curing Agents

作　　者：刘运学[1] 何琳海 范兆荣[1] 谷亚新[1] 王晓丹[1] LIU Yunxue;HE Linhai;FAN Zhaorong;GU Yaxin;WANG Xiaodan(School of Material Science and Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,China,110168)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期137-144,共8页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51908378);辽宁省教育厅项目(LJ212410153030JYTMS20231574)。

摘　　要：以腰果壳的提取物腰果酚为原料,基于Friedel–Craft烷基化反应与苯酚生成混酚(MP),并将其应用于酚醛胺固化剂的改性,实现绿色可再生资源的利用,降低传统固化剂对环境健康的危害,进一步提升固化剂的综合性能。使用正交实验分析和单因素法研究在MP制备的过程中腰果酚替代苯酚的量、反应时间、反应温度及催化剂用量对MP及改性后的混酚-甲醛-酚醛胺固化剂(MPAT)的影响,确定MP的最佳制备工艺。并使用红外光谱分析和凝胶渗透色谱分析对产物进行表征。当n(腰果酚)∶n(苯酚)=1∶3,反应时间90 min,反应温度120℃,n(催化剂)∶n(苯酚)=1∶50时,制备的MP及MPAT固化剂的性能最佳。红外光谱分析显示腰果酚侧链上的碳碳双键与苯酚的邻位发生了反应。凝胶渗透色谱分析测得的Pd值为1.19,小于1.2,表明改性后的酚醛胺固化剂相对分子质量分布较窄。基于腰果酚和苯酚成功合成了MP,并使用MP成功改性酚醛胺固化剂,制得的MPAT固化剂具有较好的性能。Based on the Friedel-Craft alkylation reaction of cardanol(extract of cashew nut shell)and phenol,MP was prepared and used in the modification of phenolic amine curing agent to realize the utilization of green renewable resources,reduce the harm of traditional curing agent to environmental health,and further improve the comprehensive performance of curing agent.Orthogonal experimental analysis and single factor method were used to study the effects of the amount of cardanol replacing phenol,reaction time,reaction temperature and the amount of catalyst on MP and modified phenolic amine curing agent-MPAT curing agent(Mixed phenol-Formaldehyde-Phenolic amine curing agent)in the process of MP preparation,so as to determine the best preparation technology of MP.The products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography.When n(cardanol)∶n(phenol)=1∶3,reaction time 90min,reaction temperature 120℃and n(catalyst)∶n(phenol)=1∶50,the performance of MP and MPAT curing agent was the best.Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the carbon-carbon double bond of cardanol side chain reacted with the ortho position of phenol.The Pd value measured by gel permeation chromatography was 1.19,which was less than 1.2,indicating that the molecular mass distribution of modified phenolic amine hardener was narrow.MP was successfully synthesized based on cardanol and phenol,and the phenolic amine curing agent was successfully modified by MP,the MPAT curing agent has good performance.

关 键 词：腰果酚 苯酚 固化剂 酚醛胺 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] TQ433[化学工程] TQ323.5