空间站几种果蔬类作物生长栽培验证初探  

Study on the growth and cultivation of several fruit and vegetable plants on china space station

作　　者：唐永康[1,2] 卞强[1,2] 王俊峰 杨润泽[1,2] 沈韫赜[1] 李国靖 艾为党[1] 孙民政 Tang Yongkang;Bian Qiang;Wang Junfeng;Yang Runze;Shen Yunze;Li GuoJing;Ai Weidang;Sun Minzheng(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]人因工程全国重点实验室(中国航天员科研训练中心),北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2024年第6期379-385,共7页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：基础研究项目。

摘　　要：目的 研制空间蔬菜培养装置,并在中国空间站在轨开展几种果蔬类作物栽培验证试验。方法 通过再生栽培基质的筛选和制备,水分/养分主动供应,LED光环境调控,功能单元的模块化设计与研制,以及系统集成与调试,植物全周期栽培验证,研制完成空间蔬菜培养装置(太空菜园)。利用蔬菜培养装置,通过培养3种生菜和1种樱桃番茄作物,在轨验证再生基质培养方法的可行性,并开展几种果蔬作物的生长特性研究。结果 空间蔬菜培养装置在轨运行正常,可主动供应水分并在轨检测基质水分和电导参数,可根据植物光照需求调节高度,装置各项性能指标均满足多类果蔬的在轨培养要求。在轨实现了3种生菜(“生菜王”“红叶”“美罗”)和1种樱桃番茄(“红蕾”)从种子播种到收获的全周期培养,植株生长良好。航天员全程参与生菜和樱桃番茄的培养与管理,采摘并食用了生菜叶片(约900 g,鲜重)和樱桃番茄果实。樱桃番茄果实收获后进行留种并随飞船下行,在地面开展了樱桃番茄种子第二代培养试验,并与在轨培养的第一代樱桃番茄进行对比分析。结论 空间蔬菜培养装置性能指标满足多类果蔬在轨培养要求;所培养的生菜和樱桃番茄植株在轨生长良好,航天员进行了几种果蔬的采摘和食用;研究结果为后续持续开展多类果蔬在轨培养技术的验证和生产奠定了重要技术基础。Objective To develop space vegetable cultivation facility(SVCF)and apply to the cultivation of several fruit and vegetable plants on China Space Station.Methods Through conducting experiments and development of regenerative plant cultivation substrate,active water supply,nutrient supply based on controlled–release fertilizer,LED light environment regulation,modular design and development of various functional units of the SVCF,as well as system integration and testing,plant full cycle cultivation verification,the development of the SVCF(also known as Space Vegetable Garden)has been completed.Through the cultivation on-orbit of three vegetables and one fruit plants,the feasibility of cultivation methods with regenerative substrate was tested and the growth characteristics of several plants were studied.Results The facility worked normally,which can supply water actively,detect substrate parameters including water content and conductivity,and adjust the height according to the plant lighting requirement.All performance indicators of the SVCF meet the cultivation requirements of different fruit and vegetable.Three types of lettuce plants(“shengcaiwang”,“hongye”,“meiluo”)and one tomato plants(“honglei”)were cultivated from seeding to harvest on-orbit.The lettuce and tomato plants grew well.Astronauts participated in the cultivation and management of lettuce and tomato plants,picking and consuming lettuce leaves(about 900 g,fresh weight)and tomato fruit.The tomato seeds were preserved after harvest and returned to earth.The seeds(second generation)was sowed and cultivated on earth.The growth characteristics will be studied and compared with the tomato plants on-orbit.Conclusion The facility performance meets the requirements of several fruit and vegetable plants cultivation on-orbit.The cultivated lettuce and tomato plants grew well.Astronauts picked and consumed lettuce leaves and tomato fruits.The results laid an important technique foundation for the continuous production of multiple types of frui

关 键 词：中国空间站 果蔬 栽培 在轨 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]