世界各国农业就业转型的时空分析  

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Agricultural Employment Transformation in the World

作　　者：  苏宁 赵万鑫 A.A.POTAPOVA;A.S.NAUMOV;SU Ning;ZHAO Wanxin(Center for Agri-Food Policy,Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,Moscow 119571;Faculty of Geography,M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow 119991;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin;Center for Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯联邦总统直属国民经济与国家行政学院农粮食品政策研究中心,莫斯科119571 [2]莫斯科国立大学地理系,莫斯科119991 [3]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012 [4]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第5期109-121,共13页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University (SOCIAL SCIENCES)

摘　　要：农业就业转型是指随着经济的发展,农业在国民经济和就业结构中的比重逐渐下降,就业人数减少,劳动力从农业部门转移到非农业部门的过程。由于各国地理环境的差异,这一进程在不同时间并不均衡,进度各异。对世界范围内的农业就业转型进行系统研究具有重要意义。发达国家在19世纪中叶至20世纪上半叶已基本完成转型,拉丁美洲和北非的发展中国家在20世纪下半叶也步入转型期,而许多亚洲国家目前正在经历这一过程。由于技术进步和全球分工的深化,农业就业转型步伐不断加快。基于162个国家的统计数据,分析农业在经济和就业中的地位,考察1991年至2019年整体经济结构变化背景下的农业就业转型。研究发现,农业就业转型的时空进程可以划分为5个阶段,各国实现转型的路径各异。Agricultural employment transformation refers to the process in which,with economic development,the proportion of agriculture in national economies and employment structures gradually declines.This results in a decrease in the number of jobs within the agricultural sector as labor shifts from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors.Due to geographical differences among countries,this process is not uniform across time and varies significantly in pace.Conducting a systematic study on agricultural employment transformation globally holds significant importance.Developed countries completed this transition largely between the mid-19th century and the first half of the 20th century,while developing nations in Latin America and North Africa entered their transformative phase during the latter half of the 20th century.Many Asian countries are currently undergoing this process.The acceleration of agricultural employment transformation has been driven by technological advancements and deepening global division of labor.Based on statistical data from 162 countries,this study analyzes agriculture's role within economic frameworks and employment contexts while examining agricultural employment transformation against the backdrop of overall structural changes from 1991 to 2019.The research identifies five distinct stages characterizing the temporal and spatial progression of agricultural employment transformation,highlighting that different countries follow varied paths toward achieving this transition.

关 键 词：农业就业 就业转型 变化趋势 劳动生产率 世界各地 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]