江南地区的农耕与土壤生态变迁  

Farming and Soil Ecological Changes in the Jiangnan Region

作　　者：王建革[1] Wang Jiange

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志(中文版)》2024年第4期15-31,5,9,共19页International Social Science Journal(Chinese Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“9—20世纪长江中下游地区水文环境对运河及圩田体系的影响”(18ZDA178)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：江南农民利用水利系统和精细耕作技术对江南水稻土的形成和培肥施加影响长达千年,有着系统的经验。他们不仅可以利用长江、黄浦江水以及太湖清水进行淤积培肥,也会通过圩田微地貌形态促进土壤的脱水与熟化。江南农民的耕—耙—耖耕作体系的完善,泥肥、有机肥、绿肥和麦稻轮作的采用,都推动着土壤在水耕环境下的淀积层发育,使土壤的保水保肥性能趋于良好,甚至出现了鳝血土这种高产高性能的水稻土。农业土壤是江南传统生态文明的重要载体。在新形势下,我们应该重视土壤维护的传统经验和技术体系的更新,加强水土循环,推动农业的高产高效和城乡生态环境的维护。Farmers in Jiangnan have been using water conservancy system and precision farming system to affect the formation and fertilization of paddy soil for a thousand years,and have accumulated systematic experiences.They can not only use the water of the Yangtze River,Huangpu River and the Taihu Lake for siltation and fertilization,but also promote soil dehydration and maturation through the formation of polder fields in micro morphology.The improvement of the system of land cultivating,raking and pulverizing,the using of mud,organic fertilizer,and green manure,and rotation of wheat and rice,all promoted the development of the sediment layer in the hydroponic cultivating environment,and facilitated the soil's water and fertilizer retention performance.The emergence of eel blood soil,a high-yield and high-performance rice soil is an excellent example.Agricultural soil is an important carrier of traditional ecological civilization in Jiangnan.In the new situation,we should attach importance to updating the traditional experience and technical system of soil maintenance,strengthen soil and water circulation,promote high yield and efficiency in agriculture,and maintain the urban and rural ecological environment.

关 键 词：生态变迁 农业土壤 麦稻轮作 耕作技术 黄浦江水 水利系统 地貌形态 淀积层 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]