空间方位影响定向运动员地图表征的脑认知特征——来自行为和fNIRS的证据  

Brain Cognitive Characteristics of Map Representation in Orienteering Athletes Affected by Spatial Orientation—Evidence from Behavior and fNIRS

作　　者：王龙[1] 赵明生 刘阳[3] WANG Long;ZHAO Mingsheng;LIU Yang(Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China;Xinjiang University of Engineering,Hotan 848000,China;Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学,陕西西安710129 [2]新疆工业学院,新疆和田848000 [3]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第1期17-24,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJAZH087);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2022P003)

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同空间方位条件下定向运动员地图表征的行为表现及脑认知特征。方法:以32名定向运动员为被试,采用组内设计,借助功能性近红外光谱成像(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)技术,进行不同空间方位(正常方位、旋转方位)地图表征任务测试,同步采集行为学数据和前额叶皮层氧合血红蛋白(HbO_(2))浓度。结果:1)相较于正常方位,旋转方位地图表征的任务绩效显著降低,表现为正确率下降,反应时升高。2)随着空间方位的旋转,HbO_(2)浓度升高,具体差异脑区为背外侧前额叶和腹外侧前额叶,且背外侧前额叶的HbO_(2)浓度与正确率呈显著正相关。结论:空间方位制约着定向运动员的地图表征能力,旋转方位地图表征需要动用更多的脑功能活动完成信息处理任务,表现出更多的认知资源消耗,背外侧前额叶和腹外侧前额叶脑区在旋转方位的地图表征任务中发挥着重要作用。Objective:To investigate the behavioral performance and cerebral processing characteristics of orienteering athletes when they are subjected to changes in spatial orientation during map reading.Methods:The research included 32 orienteering athletes as participants,who were subjected to a within-subjects design.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)was utilized to monitor map representation tasks under varying spatial orientations(normal and rotated),while simultaneously gathering behavioral data and measuring oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO_(2))levels in the prefrontal cortex.Results:1)Performance on tasks under the rotated map condition was significantly poorer compared to the normal orientation,characterized by a decrease in accuracy and an increase in reaction time.2)as orientation shifted,there was an increase in HbO_(2) concentration,with specific differences observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(VLPFC).Furthermore,the HbO_(2) concentration of DLPFC is significantly positively correlated with accuracy.Conclusions:Spatial orientation imposes constraints on the map representation capabilities of orienteering athletes.The representation of rotational orientation maps requires more brain functional activity to complete information processing tasks,resulting in more cognitive resource consumption.DLPFC and VLPFC brain regions play an important role in the representation of rotational orientation maps.

关 键 词：定向运动 地图表征 空间方位 近红外脑功能成像 前额叶皮层 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]