川西云杉人工林立地类型划分与质量评价--以岷江上游杂谷脑流域为例  

Classification of Site Type and Quality Evaluation for Artificial Forest of Picea Asperata in Western Sichuan:A Case Study of the Zagunao Basin in the Upper Reach of the Miniiang River,China

作　　者：李旭华 刘涛 蔡蕾[1,2,3] 徐峥静茹 刘兴良[1,2,3] 冯秋红[1,2,3] LI Xuhua;LIU Tao;CAI Lei;XU Zhengjingru;LIU Xingliang;FENG Qiuhong(Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,SAF,Chengdu 610081,China;Sichuan Giant Panda National Park Observation and Research Station,SAF,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 623006,Sichuan,China;Wolong Forest Ecology Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province,SAF,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 623006,Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences(SAF),Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,成都610081 [2]四川省林业科学研究院四川大熊猫国家公园定位观测研究站,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州623006 [3]四川省林业科学研究院卧龙森林生态四川省野外科学观测研究站,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州623006

出　　处：《山地学报》2024年第6期751-764,共14页Mountain Research

基　　金：四川省省财政专项项目(2021CZZX04);四川省林草科技创新团队项目(2023LCTD0108,2024LCTD0103)。

摘　　要：森林立地类型的合理划分和立地质量的精准评价是实现森林质量精准提升的重要前提,也是促进森林管理精细化的基础。然而当前研究在立地类型划分与质量评价研究方面存在区域性标准不一、评价体系不完善等问题,亟需结合区域特征开展进一步探索。本文以云杉人工林为研究对象,应用主成分分析、数量化理论Ⅰ等方法开展云杉人工林立地类型划分与质量评价。研究结果表明:(1)土层厚度、海拔和坡向为影响云杉人工林生长的主导因子;不同立地因子的组合将云杉人工林生长环境划分为2个立地类型组、18个立地类型。其中,岷江上游杂谷脑流域内现有云杉人工林的立地类型共有13类,主要分布于阳坡半阳坡的中土层(41~80 cm)高海拔(3200~4200 m)地区。(2)杂谷脑流域云杉人工林的立地质量以“良”和“中”两个等级为主,二者占比达93%。优质立地主要位于阳坡或半阳坡的薄土层(≤40 cm)中海拔(2400~3200 m)区域。(3)总体而言,云杉人工林立地质量普遍处于中等及以上水平,林地生产力仍具有提升潜力。对于Ⅱ级林地,应以培育水源涵养林为主,兼顾森林碳汇功能;对于Ⅲ级林地则应以培育水土保持林为主。本研究可为川西山地云杉人工林的健康经营与质量提升提供依据和技术支持。A proper classification of forest site types and objective evaluation of the quality of the sites are prerequisites for achieving targeted improvement of forest quality and are also the basis for refining forest management.However,there were severely disputes over forest site classification and quality evaluation,mostly because of inconsistent regional standards and incomplete evaluation frameworks,necessitating further exploration these issues in concert with regional geo-enviornment features.In this study,it took artificial forest of spruce(Picea asperata)in the Zagunao basin in the upper reach of the Miniiang River,western Sichuan,China as research target.Several methods such as principal component analysis(PCA)and Quantification Theory I were used to complete the investigation.(1)Soil layer thickness,elevation,and slope aspect were major site determinants of spruce plantation growth.In combination with different site factors,spruce plantation could be divided into two major site type groups and 18 distinct site types.In the Zagunao basin,there existed 13 site types of spruce plantations,which primarily distributed on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with moderately deep soils(41-80 cm)at high elevations(3200-4200 m).(2)The forest site qualities of spruce plantations in the Zagunao basin were predominantly rated as good or moderate grades,accounting for 93%of the total.High-quality sites were primarily found in mid-elevation(2400-3200 m)zones with shallow soils(≤40 cm)on sunny or semi-sunny slopes.(3)Overall,the site qualities of spruce plantations were generally at a medium or above level,indicating considerable potential for improvement on forest productivity.For Class II sites,concerted efforts should be made on cultivating water conservation forests while also considering forest carbon sequestration functions.For Class III sites,emphasis should be placed on the development of soil and water conservation forests.This study provides a scientific foundation and technical support for the sustainable management and

关 键 词：云杉人工林 立地类型划分 立地质量评价 数量化理论Ⅰ 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]