基于DBO-VMD滤波的煤岩爆破电磁信号时-频特征  

Research on time–frequency characteristics of electromagnetic signals from coal and rock blasting based on DBO-VMD filtering

作　　者：王立涛 邱黎明 韦梦菡 宋大钊[1] 苟仁涛 刘琳[1] 钟时强 谢天逸 WANG Litao;QIU Liming;WEI Menghan;SONG Dazhao;GOU Rentao;LIU Lin;ZHONG Shiqiang;XIE Tianyi(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization,Pingdingshan 467000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]炼焦煤资源绿色开发全国重点实验室,平顶山467000

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第3期441-453,共13页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助国家重大科研仪器研制项目(52327804);国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(52474204);国家自然科学基金资助青年项目(52304203)。

摘　　要：井工开采爆破作业的常规振动监测易受周围环境或监测系统影响,使煤岩破裂信号提取困难,本文提出一种基于电磁信号的爆破监测方法,并研究了爆破电磁信号时频特征.首先,提出了基于蜣螂优化算法(DBO)寻优变分模态分解(VMD)参数的降噪模型,得到了此类信号的最佳适应度函数为包络熵,该函数可迅速锁定最优参数组合,避免模态混叠现象,且基于DBO-VMD的降噪模型性能优于基于经验模态分解(EMD)的降噪模型;其次,提出了基于经验法的中心频率准则降噪方法,并证实了该方法降噪性能在信噪比表现上约是EMD的2倍;最后,发现煤岩破裂期的偏度大于0、峭度介于0.9~4.6,脉冲指标介于3.7~6.1,频段在20 kHz以下,主破裂事件发生时信号能量最大,主频段在5 kHz以下,并随着频率上升信号分量幅值迅速下降,非破裂期的低能脉冲则集中于0~3 kHz频段.本文的研究结果明确了爆破电磁辐射信号的时-频特征,为井工开采过程中爆破的电磁辐射监测奠定了理论基础.In shaft mining,conventional vibration monitoring of blasting operations is often affected by environmental factors and system limitations,complicating the extraction of coal–rock rupture signals.This paper explores the use of electromagnetic radiation signals for blasting monitoring,introducing a noise reduction method for these signals and examining the time–frequency characteristics of the pure signals.Initially,the paper suggests using the dung beetle optimizer(DBO)algorithm to dynamically adjust the parameters of variational mode decomposition(VMD)for the efficient acquisition of optimal decomposition parameters[k,α].By analyzing electromagnetic signal optimization sunder different fitness functions and evaluating three types of anomalies,namely repeated mutations,boundary stabilization,and unchanged states,we find that the performance of the DBO-VMD model in processing coal–rock electromagnetic signals ranks as follows:envelope entropy>ranking entropy>information entropy>sample entropy.Αcenter-frequency criterion noise reduction model is proposed to eliminate high-,intermediate-,and low-intensity components in the signal.When comparing electromagnetic signals processed by the DBO-VMD and empirical mode decomposition(EMD),the DBO-VMD effectively avoids modal aliasing and provides more reasonable center-frequency distributions.After applying a consistent noise reduction process,the DBO-VMD model shows superior performance over EMD.It provides enhanced smoothing and fidelity of pure signals and is more efficient at noise screening.The DBO-VMD achieves a signal-to-noise ratio about two times that of the EMD.Finally,we conducted a statistical analysis of the entropy,energy,bispectrum,and time–frequency domain characteristics of pure electromagnetic signals associated with coal–rock ruptures.During stable periods,information entropy,instantaneous energy,and marginal energy remain below specific thresholds,but they exhibit sudden changes during rupture events.Rupture periods begin when information entr

关 键 词：井下爆破 电磁辐射 蜣螂优化算法 变分模态分解 特征分析 

分 类 号：TD-05[矿业工程]