锂电池死锂问题的相场研究进展  

Progress in phase field research of dead lithium in lithium batteries

作　　者：刘静 陈会益 刘慧玉 李述 LIU Jing;CHEN Huiyi;LIU Huiyu;LI Shu(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第3期504-513,共10页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51671075);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2022E081)。

摘　　要：锂金属作为高比能电池的首选负极材料,具有广阔的应用前景.但在实际应用中,电池在充放电过程中会不可避免地产生锂枝晶和死锂,这导致电池的库伦效率和使用寿命显著下降,严重限制了锂电池的发展和应用.因此,深入研究锂枝晶和死锂的形成机制,以及探索有效的抑制策略,成为当前研究的热点.本文首先介绍了死锂的形成机制,重点从相场角度分析了死锂的形成过程,并进一步总结了温度、压力、隔膜、气泡和高活性电解质等多个因素对死锂的抑制作用,这些因素在一定程度上可以调控锂的沉积形态,减缓或避免锂枝晶和死锂的生成;然后介绍了采用相场法探究死锂的形成对电池寿命的影响,并进一步对电池寿命进行预测,最后总结了现有相场法在根治死锂研究方面的不足以及对未来发展前景进行了展望.In recent years,the increase in people’s demand for energy has led to the development of secondary batteries.Because of its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential,lithium metal has gradually become the preferred negative electrode material for high-energy-density secondary batteries and has great application prospects in the field of energy storage technology.However,the practical application of lithium metal anodes faces major challenges mainly because of the inevitable formation of lithium dendrites and dead lithium during the charge–discharge cycle.These problems considerably reduce the Coulomb efficiency and service life of lithium metal batteries and constitute a substantial obstacle to the development and wide application of lithium metal batteries.Lithium dendrites are tree-like structures formed by uneven lithium deposition during the charging of lithium metal.These dendrites can penetrate the diaphragm and reach the cathode,causing a short circuit that can lead to catastrophic battery failure.Dead lithium refers to lithium that is separated from the anode during the discharging of a lithium battery and no longer participates in subsequent electrochemical reactions.The accumulation of dead lithium reduces the inventory of active lithium,causing battery capacity and efficiency to decline over time.Addressing these challenges requires an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms of lithium dendrites and dead lithium and their influencing factors.This study focuses on analyzing these mechanisms and influencing factors from the perspective of the phase field,which is a powerful computational method to simulate microstructure evolution,providing insights into the complex dynamics of lithium deposition and the conditions and influencing factors for the formation of lithium dendrites and dead Lithium.The latest research progress on the inhibition of dead lithium by temperature,pressure,diaphragm,bubble,and high active electrolyte was reviewed.First,the influence of temperature a

关 键 词：相场法 锂电池 枝晶 死锂 抑制策略 

分 类 号：TM911.3[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]