苯酚梯度驯化过程中厌氧折流板反应器微生物群落演替特征  

Microbial community succession characteristics in an anaerobic baffled reactor during phenol gradient acclimation

作　　者：李远[1] 于春梅[1] 苍大强[1] LI Yuan;YU Chunmei;CANG Daqiang(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第3期572-582,共11页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家“十三五”重大科技专项资助项目(2017ZX07402001)。

摘　　要：厌氧消化是工业废水和城市废水处理过程中常用的技术之一.由于废水中的苯酚会影响厌氧消化系统的稳定性,因此在使用厌氧消化工艺前需要使用苯酚对活性污泥进行驯化,从而降低其抑制作用.本文考察了厌氧折流板反应器在进行苯酚梯度驯化时各隔室出水的化学需氧量(COD)、pH、苯酚及沼气中氢气分压的变化情况.运用Illumina高通量测序平台分析了细菌和古菌群落的演替过程,并使用气相色谱与质谱联用仪(GC–MS)和高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)对苯酚厌氧降解产物分别进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明,使用葡萄糖作为唯一进水碳源时第1隔室出水的pH在5.0~6.8之间波动.当进水中加入苯酚后该隔室出水pH有所上升.约90%的COD和苯酚在前两个隔室内降解,但后续隔室的COD始终保持在100 mg·L^(-1)左右,因此推测最终出水中含有未降解物质.使用葡萄糖和苯酚作为进水碳源时细菌和古菌群落的α生物多样性指数高于使用单一进水碳源.苯酚的加入导致细菌群落的优势菌科Streptococcaceae和Enterobacteriaceae被Syntrophaceae取代;古菌群落的优势菌科Methanobacteriaceae则被Woesearchaeales取代.冗余分析显示,细菌Syntrophaceae科和古菌Woesearchaeales科分别与苯酚和乙酸的相关性较高.产物定性分析确认了最终出水中的难降解物质为丙酸.热力学计算表明反应器内过高的氢气分压是导致丙酸难以降解的原因.Anaerobic digestion(AD)is extensively used for treating both industrial and municipal wastewater owing to its cost-efficiency and eco-friendly nature.However,phenol in polluted effluents can destabilize AD performance.To increase phenol tolerance to AD microbial communities,stepwise acclimatization is commonly employed.This method also aids in selecting microorganisms well-suited for phenol degradation.In this study,anaerobic sludge acclimatization was conducted using a four-chamber anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR).Initially,the reactor was fed with glucose as the sole carbon source.Phenol levels in the influent increased stepwise from 100 to 300 mg·L-1.In the final experimental phase,the reactor processed wastewater containing 780 mg·L-1 of phenol as the sole substrate,without glucose.We analyzed hydrogen partial pressure,pH,chemical oxygen demand(COD),and phenol concentration to examine changes in reactor performance.The Microbial community dynamics were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology.Phenol degradation intermediates were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC–MS),with their quantities measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.The results showed a decrease in hydrogen partial pressure from 5 to 20 Pa in the ABR from Chamber 1 to Chamber 4.The pH levels in the first chamber fluctuated from 5.0 to 6.8 with glucose alone and increased with phenol addition.Nearly 90%of COD and phenol were degraded in the initial two chambers.However,COD levels remained at 100 mg·L^(-1) in the last two chambers,suggesting the presence of nondegradable components in the effluent.α-diversity analysis indicated Shannon,Simpson,and Chao1 indices for bacterial and archaeal communities with glucose and phenol as carbon sources in the feed.Acclimatization significantly altered the microbial community structure,shifting dominant families from Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae to Syntrophaceae,and archaeal families from Methanobacteriaceae to Woesearchaeales.Redundancy a

关 键 词：苯酚废水 厌氧折流板反应器 微生物群落演替 梯度驯化 厌氧降解 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]