磷矿固废污染物释放与扩散研究现状及展望  

State-of-Art and Prospect of Researches on Release and Diffusion of Phosphate Solid Wastes

作　　者：陈霞 周显[1,2] 邓闪闪 彭子凌 范泽宇 高卓凡 鲁麒 CHEN Xia;ZHOU Xian;DENG Shan-shan;PENG Zi-ling;FAN Ze-yu;GAO Zhuo-fan;LU Qi(Research Center on Hydraulic Safety Engineering Technology,Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Enginee-ring,Nanchang 330029,China;Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Preventionof Ministry of Water Resources,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学院水工安全工程技术研究中心,南昌330029 [2]长江科学院水利部水工程安全与病害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第1期64-73,共10页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979011,52200143);中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费项目(CKSF2023303/CL,CKSF2023302/CL,CKSF 2023314/CL);江西省水利厅重点项目(202325ZDKT23);江西省水利科学院开放基金项目(2021SKSG04)。

摘　　要：磷矿固废堆场的渗滤液是污染物释放的主要来源,结合我国存量与增量磷矿固废堆存现状及环境影响特点,从磷矿固废渗滤液组成、扩散与迁移等方面,阐述了我国磷矿固废的污染物释放与扩散研究现状。磷矿固废渗滤液污染物含量高、磷石膏pH值较低、荷载高等因素可能导致防渗材料的渗透系数增加,应履行更加严格的污染物浸出试验和防渗层设置要求。现阶段有关磷矿固体废弃物渗滤液和扩散的研究与堆场所处真实环境条件存在差异,后续研究应结合磷矿固废堆场真实环境及渗滤液特点,建议综合考虑堆场自身及环境温度、降雨入渗及上部盖重产生的有效应力等的影响,结合热-湿-力(THM)淋滤试验装置开展多场耦合条件下磷矿固废渗滤液污染物的释放与扩散机理研究,为磷矿固废堆场渗滤液的预防与控制奠定理论基础。The diffusion of leachates from phosphate solid wastes is a major source of contaminants.Based on the existing and increment of phosphate solid waste in China as well as its environmental impacts,this study reviews the current status of researches on phosphate solid waste accumulation in China focusing on the composition,diffusion,and migration of leachates from phosphate solid wastes.More stringent requirements for leaching experiments and the design of impermeable barriers are essential as the permeability coefficient of impermeable materials may increase due to high pollutant concentration in leachate,low pH value of phosphogypsum,and large overburden pressure.Current researches on leachate release and diffusion often fail to replicate actual landfill conditions.Future studies should integrate field-specific parameters such as ambient temperature,rainfall infiltration,and effective stress from overburden weight.Thermal-humid-mechanical(THM)leaching test apparatus is also recommended for multifield coupling investigation.This approach will provide a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of leachate prevention and control in phosphate waste landfills.

关 键 词：磷矿固废 污染物 释放 扩散 多场耦合 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]