普京对苏联时期历史的看法及其动因  

Putin's Views on History of the Soviet Union and the Reason Lurking behind

作　　者：左凤荣 Zuo Fengrong

机构地区：[1]中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2025年第1期72-89,共18页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“二战后苏联历史重大问题研究”(项目批准号:24&ZD308)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2012年以来,俄罗斯领导人比以往更重视历史,多次举行纪念重大历史事件的活动,展示历史上俄罗斯对世界的重大影响。俄罗斯总统普京多次发表讲话,并撰写有关第二次世界大战和俄乌关系的文章,对苏联时期的重大事件、列宁和斯大林的政策等发表看法。在苏联解体问题上,普京改变了对苏联解体原因的解释,从认为苏联解体主要是俄罗斯人放弃帝国理想的结果,转而认为主要是列宁的民族自决政策和苏共的失误造成的。普京对列宁按联邦制原则建立苏联持批评态度,对斯大林加强中央集权和只顾苏联利益的行为予以肯定。普京对苏联历史的重新解读,意在塑造恢复俄罗斯强国地位的意识形态,培养青年人的爱国主义和民族自豪感,回应西方对苏联做法的攻击。服务于加强俄罗斯中央集权和增强俄罗斯的国际地位、重振俄罗斯大国雄风,是普京历史观的核心。Since 2012,Russian leaders have attached more importance to history than ever before,and have held many events to commemorate major historical events,demonstrating Russia's significant impact on the world in history.President Putin has made many speeches and written articles on World War II and Russia-Ukraine relations,expressing his views on major events in the Soviet era and the policies of Lenin and Stalin.Regarding the issue of the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Putin has changed his explanation on the disintegration of the Soviet Union,from believing that the Russians abandoned their imperial ideals to attributing it to Lenin's policy of national self-determination and the mistakes of the Communist Party.Putin was critical of Lenin's establishment of the Soviet Union on the principle of federalism,and affirmed Stalin's behavior of strengthening centralization and caring only about the interests of the Soviet Union.Putin's reinterpretation of the history is aimed to shape an ideology to restore Russia's status as a strong country,cultivate patriotism and national pride among young people,and respond to Western attacks on the Soviet Union.In this regard,the core of Putin's historical view is serving to strengthen Russia's centralization,enhance Russia's international status and revive Russia's great power.

关 键 词：普京 苏联的建立与解体 俄乌关系 强国战略 

分 类 号：D751.24[政治法律—政治学]