农民专业合作社的商主体性质辨析  

Analysis of Specialized Farmers’Cooperative’s Commercial Subject Nature

作　　者：梁慧瑜[1] 王洋 LIANG Huiyu;WANG Yang(Law School,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030002)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院,山西太原030002

出　　处：《长治学院学报》2024年第6期58-64,共7页Journal of Changzhi University

摘　　要：农民专业合作社在历史发展过程中始终带有鲜明的商事主体的特征:其经营领域与规模的不断扩大体现了营利的目的,并且不可避免地需要遵从商主体的交易规则,这表明农民专业合作社在其产生与发展的特定历史阶段可适用商法规范,应纳入商主体的范畴。我国学界对商主体的标准存在诸多争论,但各家观点并非完全对立,对商主体的判定应从主体的形态与目的出发。农民专业合作社符合商主体的行为与形态两重标准:《民法典》肯定了其法人资格,加之其对外从事经营行为,并成为其成员获取财富的工具,形态上具有实现客观化的字号并在工商部门登记,从事实理性和法律理性两个层面其均具备了商主体的特征。无论从历史发展角度还是从法理角度,农民专业合作社都应被纳入商法人的范畴。此外,农民专业合作社内部的互助性和为扶持其发展的政策倾斜亦不应成为否定其商主体性质的理由。Specialized farmers’cooperative exhibits distinct characteristics of commercial subject throughout its historical development.The continuous expansion of its business scope and scale reflects the purpose of making profits.It inevitably needs to comply with the trading rules of the commercial subject,which indicates that the legal norms of commercial law are applicable to the specific historical stages of the generation and development of specialized farmers’cooperative.Therefore,it should be included within the scope of commercial subject.Although there are many debates in our country’s academic community regarding the standards of commercial subject,they are not completely opposite.The judgment of commercial subject should accord to the form and purpose.The specialized farmers’cooperative meets the dual standards of commercial subject in terms of behavior and form:the Civil Code affirms its legal person status.It engages business activities externally and becomes a tool for its members to acquire wealth.It has a trade name that realizes objectification and is registered with the industrial and commercial department.So it has the characteristics of a commercial subject from the two levels of factual and legal rationality.From both historical and legal perspective,specialized farmer cooperative should be included in the scope of commercial subject.In addition,the mutual assistance and the policy inclination to support its development should not be a negative reason for its commercial nature.

关 键 词：农民专业合作社 商主体 判定标准 营利性 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学]