农田残膜污染治理技术及装备研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects of technology and equipment for controlling residual film pollution in farmland

作　　者：王小瑜 陈学庚[2] 孙冬霞 康建明 彭强吉 张春艳 WANG Xiaoyu;CHEN Xuegeng;SUN Dongxia;KANG Jianming;PENG Qiangji;ZHANG Chunyan(Shandong Academy of Agricultural machinery Sciences,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineerring,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械科学研究院,山东济南250100 [2]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]滨州市农业科学院,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《农业装备与车辆工程》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175238);山东省生态农业技术体系农膜污染防治岗位专家(SDAIT-30-05);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目课题(2022B02022-1);工信部残膜回收机项目(23128)。

摘　　要：地膜覆盖栽培因其在应对农业自然灾害、扩大农作物种植区域和提高产量等方面的优势在我国农业生产中广泛应用,目前我国地膜覆盖种植面积接近1728.22万hm^(2),为作物增产增收和保障国家农产品安全做出重要贡献。但是随着覆膜时间和覆膜面积的不断增长,农田地膜残留量逐年增加,农田残膜治理工作的不彻底给农业可持续发展留下隐患。为系统性研究当前国内外农田残膜污染技术与装备情况,梳理了我国农田地膜覆盖栽培技术应用现状,分析了现阶段国内外典型残膜回收技术及装备,归纳了国内外残膜回收机的种类、代表机型及其特点,重点介绍了我国近5年残膜回收领域的最新研究进展,对本领域的研究特点和发展趋势进行了总结和展望,提出了残膜回收技术装备的研究建议。Plastic film mulching cultivation is widely used in China′s agricultural production due to its advantages in responding to natural disasters,expanding crop planting areas,and increasing yield.Currently,the planting area of plastic film mulching in China was close to 17.2822 million hectares,making important contributions to increasing crop yield and ensuring national agricultural product safety.However,with the continuous increase in the number of years and area of mulching,the residual amount of farmland plastic film had been increasing year by year.The incomplete treatment of farmland plastic film had left hidden dangers for the sustainable development of agriculture.With the promotion of green development concepts and environmental governance,it had received high attention from the country.For a considerable period of time,polyethylene film was still the mainstream application of agricultural film.At present,solving the problem of mechanized recycling of polyethylene film was the technical focus of preventing and controlling residual film pollution in farmland.To systematically study the current situation of residual film pollution technology and equipment in farmland at home and abroad,the current application status of agricultural film mulching planting technology was analyzed,summarized typical residual film recycling technologies and equipment at home and abroad,summarized the types,representative models,and characteristics of residual film recycling machines,focuses on the research progress in the field of residual film recycling in the past five years,outlines foreign policies and regulations on agricultural film recycling and treatment,introduces national and some provincial policies for controlling agricultural film pollution,summarizes and looks forward to the current research characteristics and development trends in this field,and proposes the development trends in this field.

关 键 词：残膜回收 污染治理 农田残膜 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]