新能源汽车永磁同步电机散热结构优化分析  

Optimization analysis of thermal structure for permanent magnet synchronous motor in new energy vehicles

作　　者：张鹤曦 张兰春[2] ZHANG Hexi;ZHANG Lanchun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,Jiangsu,China;School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院机械工程学院,江苏常州213001 [2]江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《农业装备与车辆工程》2025年第1期63-69,共7页Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering

摘　　要：永磁同步电机作为新能源汽车的核心部件,在运行时会产生大量热量,影响电机的效率和寿命,因此有效的散热设计和管理至关重要。针对永磁同步电机的散热问题,提出一种内外双层螺旋互逆冷却结构。首先,基于Maxwell电磁仿真软件计算出电机损耗,将损耗代入电机热源从而计算各部件生热率和表面散热系数;其次,利用ANSYS软件建立永磁同步电机温度场和流场的有限元仿真模型并进行分析;通过对比不同类型的双螺旋互逆冷却水道温度场的分布,证明圆形截面的双螺旋互逆冷却水道对电机的温升抑制明显,为后续永磁同步电机冷却水道的设计提供了参考价值。The permanent magnet synchronous motor,as a core component of new energy vehicles,generates significant heat during operation,which adversely affects its efficiency and lifespan.Therefore,effective thermal design and management are crucial.To address the cooling issues associated with permanent magnet synchronous motors,a dual-layer spiral counterflow cooling structure was proposed.Firstly,the motor losses were calculated by Maxwell electromagnetic simulation software.These losses were then incorporated into the motor′s thermal model to determine the heat generation rates of various components and their surface heat transfer coefficients.Subsequently,a finite element simulation model of the temperature and flow fields of the permanent magnet synchronous motor was established by ANSYS software and analyzed.Finally,by comparing the temperature field distributions of different types of dual-spiral counterflow cooling channels,the results showed that this approach significantly suppressed temperature rise in the motor.This research provides valuable insights for future designs of cooling channels in permanent magnet synchronous motors.

关 键 词：新能源汽车 永磁同步电机 水冷散热 温度场 

分 类 号：U469.7[机械工程—车辆工程] TM341[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]