基于船舶-流场运动耦合的内河航道设计方法  

A Design Method of Inland River Channel Based on Hydrodynamic Response of Ship

作　　者：张磊[1,4] 封少雄 谭昆 郭涛 宋成果 初秀民 苗洋[1,4] ZHANG Lei;FENG Shaoxiong;TAN Kun;GUO Tao;SONG Chengguo;CHU Xiumin;MIAO Yang(Green and Smart River-Sea-Going Ship Cruise and Yacht Research Center,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Changjiang Waterway Institute of Planning and Design,Wuhan 430040,China;Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Hubei Province Engineering Research Center on Green and Smart River-Sea-Going Ship,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学绿色智能江海直达船舶与邮轮游艇研究中心,武汉430063 [2]长江航道规划设计研究院,武汉430040 [3]武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心,武汉430063 [4]绿色智能江海直达船舶湖北省工程研究中心,武汉430063

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报》2025年第1期89-98,共10页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University

基　　金：海南省科技计划三亚崖州湾科技城联合项目(2021JJLH0035);国家自然科学基金(52201377);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(WUT:223173001)资助项目。

摘　　要：航道一般指江河及运河内可供船舶通航的水域,目前大多采用流场演化规律分析结合工程人员经验的方法开展规划设计,对通行船舶这一因素考虑不够全面.拟从河道中船舶与流场直接作用的角度提出一种内河航道设计方法.首先,基于Fluent二次开发,突破了船舶-流场相互作用的水动力响应解耦算法,对内河航段中船舶自由漂流运动进行模拟,其中,流场使用有限体积法进行求解,船舶运动控制方程通过用户自定义模块(UDF)输入并采用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解,动网格技术用于更新计算域;然后,考虑航行频率,给予通行船型不同权重,使用加权最小二乘法对漂流轨迹进行曲线拟合,得到航道边界线.选取了长江东流(从天生洲起)这一具有典型碍航结构物(弯道、分汊)航段开展航道设计验证.研究结果表明:设计的航道与现行规划航道趋势一致;同时,结合流场细节云图对船舶运动响应过程进行分析,发现设计的航道可使船舶有效规避风险急流、斜流,合理利用水流动能,提升航行安全性和经济性.Channel is the navigable area for ships in rivers and canals.The analyses of flow details and experiences of engineers are extensively used for the design of channel nowadays,without thorough consideration of the fluid-structure interaction between flow and ships.In this paper,an inland channel design method based on ship hydrodynamic response is proposed.First of all,the secondary development is undertaken based on Fluent for the problem of ship-flow interaction,in which flow domain is simulated by using the finite volume method,and governing equations of ship are embedded through user defined function(UDF)and solved by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.The dynamic mesh technique is adopted to update the changing computation domains.The hydrodynamic motion response of freely drifting ships in inland waterway is simulated,as well as trajectory.Then,the weighted least square method is used for curve fitting from the drifting trajectories of different ships,by which the channel boundaries are designed.The weight coefficients are obtained through the statistic of sailing frequencies of different ships.Dongliu route with typical navigation obstructions of curve and branch is chosen for the verification of the channel design method.It is found that the channel designed by the method with consideration of ship-flow interaction is consistent with the existing one.Besides,the analyses of flow details and ship responses indicate that ships sailing in this channel can avoid the influences of oblique flow and make use of the energy of flow,which maintains the sailing safety and economy.

关 键 词：内河 航道设计 船舶-流场运动耦合 船舶 水动力响应 

分 类 号：U612[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]