中药材生态种植主要模式类型特征及发展建议  

Characteristics of Major Ecological Planting Patterns of Chinese Materia Medica and Development Suggestions

作　　者：刘思奇 吴得华 王红阳 祝纪童 杨野[3] 郭兰萍[1] 康传志 LIU Siqi;WU Dehua;WANG Hongyang;ZHU Jitong;YANG Ye;GUO Lanping;KANG Chuanzhi(State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [2]广东药科大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [3]昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第1期2-13,共12页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3503801);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2023E002);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZXT202216)。

摘　　要：中药材生态种植模式是中药资源产业提质增效、推动产业可持续发展的新型生产方式。阐述中药材生态种植的发展历程和现状;依据生态位理论、系统层次和区域分布3个维度对现有的中药材生态种植模式分类进行了梳理,并综合考虑中药材原始生境、伴生植物、土地利用类型、田间管理方式等因素,将中药材生态种植模式分为农田生态种植模式、林药生态种植模式(包括林下中药材种植模式和林木中药材种植模式)、仿野生栽培和野生抚育模式、设施栽培模式(包括荫棚、大棚、温室等设施内的种植模式)四大类。从注重实地调研、加强规划布局、丰富产业链条、加强示范推广4个方面提出中药材生态种植模式的发展建议,旨在为因地制宜地实践、推广、丰富中药材生态种植模式,促进中药产业绿色、永续发展提供借鉴与参考。Ecological planting pattern of Chinese materia medica is a new production method that can improve the quality and efficiency of Chinese medicine resources and promote the sustainable development of the industry.This paper briefly described the development course and status quo of ecological planting of Chinese materia medica.It also summarized the existing classification of ecological planting patterns of Chinese materia medica from the three dimensions of ecological niche theory,system level,and regional distribution.In addition,considering the pristine habitats,companion plants,land-use types,field management and other factors,the paper divided the ecological planting patterns into farmland ecological planting patterns,forest-medicine ecological planting patterns(including patterns of understory planting and forest planting),imitating wild and wild tending patterns,and protected cultivation patterns(including planting patterns in shelter,plastic-covered tunnels,greenhouses and other facilities).In summary,some suggestions for the ecological planting patterns of Chinese materia medica were elaborated from the aspects of focusing on field research,enhancing the layout planning,enriching the industrial chain,and strengthening promotion efforts,aiming at practicing,popularizing,and enriching the ecological planting patterns according to the local conditions,and providing a reference for the green and sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry.

关 键 词：中药材 生态种植 种植模式 林下种植 仿野生栽培 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]