栝楼种植模式比较及间作生态种植的优势分析  

Comparison of Cultivation Patterns for Trichosanthes kirilowii and Analysis of Advantages of Ecological Intercropping

作　　者：卢恒 刘伟[1,2] 郭兰萍[3] 崔莉 王晓 刘坤 LU Heng;LIU Wei;GUO Lanping;CUI Li;WANG Xiao;LIU Kun(Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products,Shandong Analysis and Test Center,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250014,China;Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250014,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Hebao Chinese Medicinal Material Company,Jinan 271100,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)山东省分析测试中心天然产物分离提取共性技术创新与应用山东省工程研究中心,山东济南250014 [2]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)药学院山东省高等学校天然药物活性成分研究重点实验室,山东济南250014 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [4]济南禾宝中药材有限公司,山东济南271100

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第1期14-19,共6页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3503805);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目;齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)科教产融合创新试点工程项目(2022PX093)。

摘　　要：目的:通过对比分析不同种植模式瓜蒌的活性成分含量、产量、投入成本及产出效益等,明确不同种植模式下栝楼综合效益的差异及间作生态种植的优势。方法:对山东省3种栝楼种植模式进行比较,测定不同种植模式下瓜蒌的水分、总灰分、浸出物,以及总黄酮、总皂苷、可溶性糖含量;以投入成本、产出效益、投入产出比等指标进行经济效益分析,结合瓜蒌产量及品质、病虫害发生情况、农用化学品使用等对不同种植模式的综合效益进行比较。结果:间作生态种植模式可以减少栝楼病虫害的发生及农用化学品的使用。栝楼-黄豆间作模式下,瓜蒌水溶性浸出物含量最高,为44.07%;其他指标在不同种植模式间差异无统计学意义。栝楼-黄豆间作模式下,瓜蒌亩产量最高(1亩≈666.67 m^(2)),为1948.75 kg;栝楼-马齿苋间作模式净收益最高、投入产出比最低,分别为5497.03元/亩、1∶2.47。结论:栝楼-马齿苋间作模式经济效益最高,栝楼-黄豆间作模式更有利于瓜蒌产量和品质的综合提升,间作生态种植技术的应用对山东省栝楼的规模化种植和道地产区保护具有现实指导意义。Objective:To clarify the differences in the comprehensive benefits of Trichosanthes kirilowii under different cultivation patterns and the advantages of ecological intercropping by comparing the content of active ingredients,yield,input cost,and output benefit among different cultivation patterns.Methods:T.kirilowii was cultivated under three different patterns in Shandong Province.The content of moisture,total ash,extract,total flavonoids,total saponins,and soluble sugar of T.kirilowii under different cultivation patterns was measured.The economic benefit was analyzed based on the input cost,output benefit,and input-output ratio.The comprehensive benefits of different cultivation patterns were compared considering the yield and quality of T.kirilowii,the occurrence of pests and diseases,and the use of agricultural chemicals.Results:Ecological intercropping patterns reduced the occurrence of pests and diseases and the use of agricultural chemicals.Under the intercropping pattern of T.kirilowii-Glycine max,the water-soluble extract content of T.kirilowii was the highest,reaching 44.07%.There was no statistically significant difference in other indicators between different cultivation patterns.Under the intercropping pattern of T.kirilowii-G.max,T.kirilowii had the highest yield per mu(1 mu≈666.67 m^(2)),which was 1948.75 kg.The intercropping pattern of T.kirilowii-Portulaca oleracea had the highest net income and the lowest input-output ratio,which were 5497.03 yuan/mu and 1:2.47,respectively.Conclusion:The intercropping pattern of T.kirilowii-P.oleracea had the highest economic benefit,while the intercropping pattern of T.kirilowii-G.max was conducive to the comprehensive improvement of the yield and quality of T.kirilowii.The application of ecological intercropping has practical guiding significance for the large-scale planting of T.kirilowii and the protection of authentic areas in Shandong Province.

关 键 词：栝楼 生态种植 间作 优势分析 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]