^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对天麻生长发育的影响  

Effect of^(60)Co-γRadiation on the Growth and Development of Gastrodia elata

作　　者：矣健玲 林晖才 史玉宝 马晴 靳云西 杨涛 祁青燕 王继永 李进瞳 YI Jianling;LIN Huicai;SHI Yubao;MA Qing;JIN Yunxi;YANG Tao;QI Qingyan;WANG Jiyong;LI Jintong(China Traditional Chinese Medicine Seed&Seedling Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100035,China;The Yunnan Provincial Agriculture and Rural Information and Publicity Center,Kunming 650224,China;China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]国药种业有限公司,北京100035 [2]云南省农业农村信息与宣传中心,云南昆明650224 [3]中国中药有限公司,北京100035

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第1期117-124,共8页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家国防科技工业局核能开发科研项目。

摘　　要：目的:分析不同剂量^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对乌天麻、红天麻、绿天麻生长发育的影响,为天麻的辐照育种和种质创新提供科学依据。方法:设置15个辐照剂量,对乌天麻、红天麻、绿天麻的箭麻进行辐照,采集辐照后花茎、花序、花、果实、种子的农艺性状数据并进行统计学分析,确定^(60)Co-γ射线对天麻的最佳辐照诱变剂量及其对天麻生长发育的影响。结果:辐照剂量为0~80.0 Gy时,3种天麻的死亡率与辐照剂量呈正相关,红天麻、乌天麻、绿天麻的半数致死量分别为48.22、42.37、15.03 Gy。随着辐照剂量的增加,3种天麻箭麻的花茎高、花序轴长、花被长宽、果实长宽、种子量逐渐减小。在10.0 Gy辐照剂量下,红天麻花被筒变窄、果实变短窄的变异较明显,乌天麻果实变窄的变异较明显,绿天麻花茎矮化、花序轴变短、果实变窄的变异较明显。红天麻和乌天麻在0~20.0 Gy辐照剂量下可形成种子,辐照剂量在20.0 Gy以上时花序出现败育现象;绿天麻在0~15.0 Gy辐照剂量下可形成种子,辐照剂量在15.0 Gy以上时花序出现败育现象。结论:^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对3种天麻的花茎高、花、果实等表型性状影响较大,辐照剂量在20.0 Gy以上时无法形成种子。红天麻和乌天麻的适宜辐照剂量为0~20.0 Gy,绿天麻的适宜辐照剂量为0~15.0 Gy。3种天麻箭麻对^(60)Co-γ射线辐照的耐受程度为红天麻>乌天麻>绿天麻。Objective:To analyze the effect of different doses of ^(60)Co-γradiation on the growth and development of Gastrodia elata variants,and provide a scientific basis for radiation breeding and germplasm innovation of G.elata.Methods:Fifteen different radiation doses were applied to the tubers of three G.elata variants[G.elata Bl.f.elata,G.elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow,G.elata Bl.f.viridis(Makino)Makino].Agricultural trait data,including flower stem height,inflorescence axis length,flower morphology,fruit dimensions,and seed quantity after irradiation,were collected and statistically analyzed to determine the optimal mutagenic dose of ^(60)Co-γradiation for G.elata and its effects on growth and development.Results:Within the radiation dose range of 0-80.0 Gy,there was a positive correlation between the mortality rate and irradiation dose for the three G.elata variants.The LD50 for G.elata Bl.f.elata,G.elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow,and G.elata Bl.f.viridis(Makino)Makino were 48.22,42.37,and 15.03 Gy,respectively.As the irradiation dose increased,flower stem height,inflorescence axis length,corolla length and width,fruit length and width,and seed quantity gradually decreased.At a dose of 10.0 Gy,G.elata Bl.f.elata showed noticeable narrowing of the corolla and shortening/narrowing of the fruit,G.elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow showed significant fruit narrowing,and G.elata Bl.f.viridis(Makino)Makino showed significant dwarfing of the flower stem,shortening of the inflorescence axis,and narrowing of the fruit.G.elata Bl.f.elata and G.elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow produced seeds at doses ranging from 0-20.0 Gy,but above 20.0 Gy,flower sterility occurred.G.elata Bl.f.viridis(Makino)Makino produced seeds at doses ranging from 0-15.0 Gy,but above 15.0 Gy,flower sterility occurred.Conclusion:The effect of ^(60)Co-γradiation on the phenotypic traits of flower stem height,flowers,fruits,and other characteristics in the three G.elata variants were significant.Seed formation was inhibited at radiation doses above 20.0 Gy.The optimal irradiation dos

关 键 词：天麻 ^(60)Co-γ射线 诱变育种 生长发育 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]